Analysis of sex differences in the clinical presentation, management and prognosis of infective endocarditis in Spain
                    
                    
                    Por:
                    Barca, LV, Vidal-Bonnet, L, Farinas, MC, Munoz, P, Minero, MV, de Alarcon, A, Carretero, EG, Cuadra, MG, Camacho, AM, Urkola, XK, Agirre, JG, Burgos, GO, Lopez-Cortes, LE, Azpiroz, JCP, Lopez-Menendez, J, Benito  N., GAMES Investigators
                    
                     
                    Publicada:
                    1 nov 2021
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
                     
                    
                        Resumen:
                         
                        Introduction Sex-dependent differences of infective endocarditis (IE) have been reported. Women suffer from IE less frequently than men and tend to present more severe manifestations. Our objective was to analyse the sex-based differences of IE in the clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis. Material and methods We analysed the sex differences in the clinical presentation, modality of treatment and prognosis of IE in a national-level multicentric cohort between 2008 and 2018. All data were prospectively recorded by the GAMES cohort (Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis). Results A total of 3451 patients were included, of whom 1105 were women (32.0%). Women were older than men (mean age, 68.4 vs 64.5). The most frequently affected valves were the aortic valve in men (50.6%) and mitral valve in women (48.7%). Staphylococcus aureus aetiology was more frequent in women (30.1% vs 23.1%; p<0.001). Surgery was performed in 38.3% of women and 50% of men. After propensity score (PS) matching for age and estimated surgical risk (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II (EuroSCORE II)), the analysis of the matched cohorts revealed that women were less likely to undergo surgery (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.91; p=0.05). The observed overall in-hospital mortality was 32.8% in women and 25.7% in men (OR for the mortality of female sex 1.41; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.65; p<0.001). This statistical difference was not modified after adjusting for all possible confounders. Conclusions Female sex was an independent factor related to mortality after adjusting for confounders. In addition, women were less frequently referred for surgical treatment.
                         
                     
                    
                         
                    
                    Filiaciones:
                    
                            
                            
                            Barca, LV:
                               Hosp Univ Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Cardiac Surg, Madrid 28034, Spain 
                        
                            
                            Vidal-Bonnet, L:
                               Hosp Univ Son Espases, Serv Cirugia Cardiaca, Palma De Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain 
                        
                            
                            Farinas, MC:
                               Marques de Valdecilla Fdn, Serv Enfermedades Infecciosas, Santander, Cantabria, Spain 
                        
                            
                            Munoz, P:
                               Gregorio Maranon Gen Univ Hosp, Serv Microbiol Clin & Enfermedades Infecciosas, Cardiol Serv, Madrid, Spain
   Univ Complutense Madrid, Inst Invest Sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, Fac Med, CIBER Enfermedades Resp CIBERES CB06 06 0058, Madrid, Spain 
                        
                            
                            Minero, MV:
                               Gregorio Maranon Gen Univ Hosp, Serv Microbiol Clin & Enfermedades Infecciosas, Cardiol Serv, Madrid, Spain 
                        
                            
                            de Alarcon, A:
                               Virgen del Rocio Univ Hosp, Serv Enfermedades Infecciosas, Seville, Spain 
                        
                            
                            Carretero, EG:
                               Virgen del Rocio Univ Hosp, Cardiac Surg, Seville, Spain 
                        
                            
                            Cuadra, MG:
                               Marques de Valdecilla Fdn, Serv Enfermedades Infecciosas, Santander, Cantabria, Spain 
                        
                            
                            Camacho, AM:
                               Clin Barcelona Hosp Univ, Serv Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain 
                        
                            
                            Urkola, XK:
                               Donostia Ospitalea, Serv Enfermedades Infecciosas, San Sebastian, Spain 
                        
                            
                            Agirre, JG:
                               Cruces Univ Hosp, Serv Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barakaldo, Baracaldo, Pais Vasco, Spain 
                        
                            
                            Burgos, GO:
                               Univ Hosp Virgen de la Victoria, Unidad Gest Clin Enfermedades Infecciosas Microbi, Malaga, Spain 
                        
                            
                            Lopez-Cortes, LE:
                               Complejo Hosp Virgen de la Macarena, Unidad Clin Enfermedades Infecciosas Microbiol &, Seville, Spain 
                        
                            
                            Azpiroz, JCP:
                               Miguel Servet Univ Hosp, Serv Cardiol, Zaragoza, Spain 
                        
                            
                            Lopez-Menendez, J:
                               Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Cardiac Surg, Madrid, Spain 
                        
                            
                            Benito  N.:
                               Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain 
                        
                        
                    
                    
                        
                     
                 
                
                
             |