Secondhand smoke exposure assessment in outdoor hospitality venues across 11 European countries
Por:
Henderson, E, Continente, X, Fernandez, E, Tigova, O, Cortes-Francisco, N, Gallus, S, Lugo, A, Semple, S, Dobson, R, Clancy, L, Keogan, S, Ruprecht, A, Borgini, A, Tzortzi, A, Vyzikidou, VK, Gorini, G, Lopez-Nicolas, A, Soriano, JB, Geshanova, G, Osman, J, Mons, U, Przewozniak, K, Precioso, J, Brad, R, Lopez, MJ
Publicada:
1 sep 2021
Ahead of Print:
1 jun 2021
Resumen:
Objective: Due to partial or poorly enforced restrictions secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) is still present in outdoor hospitality venues in many European countries. This study aimed to assess SHS concentrations in outdoor hospitality venues across Europe and identify contextual exposure determinants.
Methods: Cross-sectional study. We measured airborne nicotine and evidence of tobacco use in terraces of bars, cafeterias, and pubs from 11 European countries in 2017-2018. Sites were selected considering area-level socioeconomic indicators and half were visited during nighttime. We noted the smell of smoke, presence of smokers, cigarette butts, ashtrays, and number of physical covers. Contextual determinants included national smoke-free policies for the hospitality sector, the Tobacco Control Scale score (2016), and the national smoking prevalence (2017-2018). We computed medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) of nicotine concentrations and used multivariate analyses to characterize the exposure determinants.
Results: Nicotine was present in 93.6% of the 220 sites explored. Overall concentrations were 0.85 (IQR:0.30-3.74) mu g/m(3) and increased during nighttime (1.45 IQR:0.65-4.79 mu g/m(3)), in enclosed venues (2.97 IQR:0.80-5.80 mu g/m(3)), in venues with more than two smokers (2.79 IQR:1.03-6.30 mu g/m(3)), in venues in countries with total indoor smoking bans (1.20 IQR:0.47-4.85 mu g/m(3)), and in venues in countries with higher smoking prevalence (1.32 IQR:0.49-5.34 mu g/m(3)). In multivariate analyses, nicotine concentrations were also positively associated with the observed number of cigarette butts. In venues with more than two smokers, SHS levels did not significantly vary with the venues' degree of enclosure.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that current restrictions in outdoor hospitality venues across Europe have a limited protective effect and justify the adoption of total smoking bans in outdoor areas of hospitality venues.
Filiaciones:
Henderson, E:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona, Pl Lesseps 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain
Univ Pompeu Fabra, Dept Ciencies Expt & Salut DCEXS, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
Consortium Biomed Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBER, Av Monforte Lemos 3-5,Pabellon 11,Planta 0, Madrid 282029, Spain
Continente, X:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona, Pl Lesseps 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain
Consortium Biomed Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBER, Av Monforte Lemos 3-5,Pabellon 11,Planta 0, Madrid 282029, Spain
St Pau Inst Biomed Res IIB St Pau, St Antoni Maria Claret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain
Fernandez, E:
Inst Catala Oncol, Av Granvia Hospitalet 199-203, Lhospitalet De Llobregat 08908, Spain
Inst Invest Biomed Bellvitge, Av Granvia Hospitalet 199, Lhospitalet De Llobregat 08908, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Feixa Llarga S-N, Lhospitalet De Llobregat 08907, Spain
Consortium Biomed Res Resp Dis CIBERES, Av Monforte Lemos 3-5,Pabellon 11,Planta 0, Madrid 282029, Spain
Tigova, O:
Inst Catala Oncol, Av Granvia Hospitalet 199-203, Lhospitalet De Llobregat 08908, Spain
Inst Invest Biomed Bellvitge, Av Granvia Hospitalet 199, Lhospitalet De Llobregat 08908, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Feixa Llarga S-N, Lhospitalet De Llobregat 08907, Spain
Consortium Biomed Res Resp Dis CIBERES, Av Monforte Lemos 3-5,Pabellon 11,Planta 0, Madrid 282029, Spain
Cortes-Francisco, N:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona, Pl Lesseps 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain
St Pau Inst Biomed Res IIB St Pau, St Antoni Maria Claret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain
Gallus, S:
Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri IRCCS, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Via Mario Negri 2, I-20156 Milan, Italy
Lugo, A:
Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri IRCCS, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Via Mario Negri 2, I-20156 Milan, Italy
Semple, S:
Univ Stirling, Inst Social Mkt & Hlth, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland
Dobson, R:
Univ Stirling, Inst Social Mkt & Hlth, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland
Clancy, L:
TobaccoFree Res Inst Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
Keogan, S:
TobaccoFree Res Inst Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
Ruprecht, A:
Fdn IRCCS Ist Nazl Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, I-20133 Milan, Italy
Borgini, A:
Fdn IRCCS Ist Nazl Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, I-20133 Milan, Italy
Tzortzi, A:
Hellen Canc Soc, George D Behrakis Res Lab, 17B Ipitou Str, Athens 10557, Greece
Vyzikidou, VK:
Hellen Canc Soc, George D Behrakis Res Lab, 17B Ipitou Str, Athens 10557, Greece
Gorini, G:
Ist Studio Prevenz & Rete Oncol ISPRO, Via Cosimo Vecchio 2, I-50139 Florence, Italy
Lopez-Nicolas, A:
Univ Politecn Cartagena UPCT, Plaza Cronista Isidoro Valverde S-N, Cartagena 30202, Spain
Soriano, JB:
Consortium Biomed Res Resp Dis CIBERES, Av Monforte Lemos 3-5,Pabellon 11,Planta 0, Madrid 282029, Spain
Hosp Univ La Princesa IISP, Diego Leon 62,Planta 6, Madrid 28006, Spain
Univ Autonoma Madrid UAM, Ciudad Univ Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
Inst Carlos III ISCIII, Av Monforte Lemos 3-5,Pabellon 11,Planta 0, Madrid 282029, Spain
Geshanova, G:
Smoke Free Life Coalit, Slivnitsa Blvd 257, Sofia 1202, Bulgaria
Osman, J:
OFT Conseil, Off Francais Sante & Bien Etre Travail, Rue Gobert 12, F-75011 Paris, France
Mons, U:
German Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Unit, Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
German Canc Res Ctr, WHO Collaborating Ctr Tobacco Control, Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Univ Cologne, Fac Med, Kerpener Str 62, D-50923 Cologne, Germany
Univ Cologne, Univ Hosp Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, D-50923 Cologne, Germany
Przewozniak, K:
Maria Sklodowska Curie Natl Res Inst Oncol, Roentgena 5, PL-02781 Warsaw, Poland
Fdn Smart Hlth Hlth 3D, Warsaw, Poland
Coll Civitas, 1 Defilad Sq, PL-00901 Warsaw, Poland
Precioso, J:
Univ Minho, Inst Educ, P-4710057 Braga, Portugal
Brad, R:
Hlth Romania Generat 2035 Assoc, Bucharest, Romania
Lopez, MJ:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona, Pl Lesseps 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain
Univ Pompeu Fabra, Dept Ciencies Expt & Salut DCEXS, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
Consortium Biomed Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBER, Av Monforte Lemos 3-5,Pabellon 11,Planta 0, Madrid 282029, Spain
St Pau Inst Biomed Res IIB St Pau, St Antoni Maria Claret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain
hybrid, Green Published
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