The first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Spain was associated with early introductions and fast spread of a dominating genetic variant


Por: Lopez, MG, Chiner-Oms, A, de Viedma, DG, Ruiz-Rodriguez, P, Bracho, MA, Cancino-Munoz, I, D'Auria, G, de Marco, G, Garcia-Gonzalez, N, Goig, GA, Gomez-Navarro, I, Jimenez-Serrano, S, Martinez-Priego, L, Ruiz-Hueso, P, Ruiz-Roldan, L, Torres-Puente, M, Alberola, J, Albert, E, Zaldumbide, MA, Bea-Escudero, MP, Boga, JA, Bordoy, AE, Canut-Blasco, A, Carvajal, A, Eguiluz, GC, Rodriguez, MLC, Costa-Alcalde, JJ, de Toro, M, Peinado, ID, del Pozo, JL, Duchene, S, Fernandez-Pinero, J, Escriva, BF, Cardona, CG, Galan, VG, Jimenez, NG, Crespo, SH, Herranz, M, Lepe, JA, Lopez-Causape, C, Lopez-Hontangas, JL, Martin, V, Martro, E, Beamonte, AM, Ros, MM, Moreno-Munoz, R, Navarro, D, Navarro-Mari, JM, Not, A, Oliver, A, Palop-Borras, B, Grande, MP, Pedrosa-Corral, I, Gonzalez, MCP, Perez-Lago, L, Perez-Ruiz, M, Vazquez, LP, Rabella, N, Rezusta, A, Fonseca, LR, Sanbonmatsu-Gamez, S, Sicilia, J, Soriano, A, Balaguer, MDT, Torres, I, Tristancho, A, Marimon, JM, Coscolla, M, Gonzalez-Candelas, F, Comas, I, Navarro F., Miró E., Fernandez-Cadenas I, Martínez García L., Roig-Cardelles, M.

Publicada: 1 oct 2021 Ahead of Print: 1 sep 2021
Resumen:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the world radically since 2020. Spain was one of the European countries with the highest incidence during the first wave. As a part of a consortium to monitor and study the evolution of the epidemic, we sequenced 2,170 samples, diagnosed mostly before lockdown measures. Here, we identified at least 500 introductions from multiple international sources and documented the early rise of two dominant Spanish epidemic clades (SECs), probably amplified by superspreading events. Both SECs were related closely to the initial Asian variants of SARS-CoV-2 and spread widely across Spain. We inferred a substantial reduction in the effective reproductive number of both SECs due to public-health interventions (R-e < 1), also reflected in the replacement of SECs by a new variant over the summer of 2020. In summary, we reveal a notable difference in the initial genetic makeup of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain compared with other European countries and show evidence to support the effectiveness of lockdown measures in controlling virus spread, even for the most successful genetic variants. Analysis of 2,170 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Spain provides insights into transmission patterns and the effects of lockdown on the emergence of new variants.

Filiaciones:
Lopez, MG:
 Inst Biomed Valencia IBV CSIC, Valencia, Spain

Chiner-Oms, A:
 Inst Biomed Valencia IBV CSIC, Valencia, Spain

de Viedma, DG:
 Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon, Serv Microbiol Clin & Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain

 Inst Invest Sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain

 CIBER Enfermedades Resp CIBERES, Bunyola, Spain

Ruiz-Rodriguez, P:
 Univ Valencia, Inst Biol Integrat Sistemas, I2SysBio, CSIC, Valencia, Spain

Bracho, MA:
 Joint Res Unit Infect & Publ Hlth FISABIO Univ Va, Valencia, Spain

 CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain

Cancino-Munoz, I:
 Inst Biomed Valencia IBV CSIC, Valencia, Spain

D'Auria, G:
 CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain

 Serv Secuenciac, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain

de Marco, G:
 Serv Secuenciac, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain

Garcia-Gonzalez, N:
 Joint Res Unit Infect & Publ Hlth FISABIO Univ Va, Valencia, Spain

Goig, GA:
 Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Med Parasitol & Infect Biol, Basel, Switzerland

Gomez-Navarro, I:
 Inst Biomed Valencia IBV CSIC, Valencia, Spain

Jimenez-Serrano, S:
 Inst Biomed Valencia IBV CSIC, Valencia, Spain

Martinez-Priego, L:
 Serv Secuenciac, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain

Ruiz-Hueso, P:
 Serv Secuenciac, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain

Ruiz-Roldan, L:
 Joint Res Unit Infect & Publ Hlth FISABIO Univ Va, Valencia, Spain

Torres-Puente, M:
 Inst Biomed Valencia IBV CSIC, Valencia, Spain

Alberola, J:
 Hosp Dr Peset, Serv Microbiol, Valencia, Spain

 Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria Sanitat & Consum, Valencia, Spain

 Univ Valencia, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Valencia, Spain

Albert, E:
 Hosp Clin Univ, INCLIVA Res Inst, Microbiol Serv, Valencia, Spain

Zaldumbide, MA:
 Hosp Univ Cruces, Serv Microbiol, Bilbao, Spain

 Inst Invest Sanitaria Biocruces Bizkaia, Grp Microbiol & Control Infecc, Baracaldo, Spain

Bea-Escudero, MP:
 Ctr Invest Biomed La Rioja CIBIR, Plataforma Genom & Bioinformat, Logrono, Spain

Boga, JA:
 Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Serv Microbiol, Oviedo, Spain

 Inst Invest Sanitaria Principado Asturias ISPA, Grp Microbiol Traslac, Asturias, Spain

Bordoy, AE:
 Hosp Badalona Germans Trias & Pujol, Inst Invest Ciencies Salut Germans Trias & Pujol, Serv Microbiol, Lab Clin Metropolitana Nord, Barcelona, Spain

Canut-Blasco, A:
 Hosp Univ Alava, Serv Microbiol, Osakidetza Serv Vasco Salud, Vitoria, Alava, Spain

Carvajal, A:
 Univ Leon, Anim Hlth Dept, Leon, Spain

Eguiluz, GC:
 Hosp Univ Donostia, Serv MicrobiologiaBiodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain

Rodriguez, MLC:
 Hosp Univ Alava, Serv Microbiol, Osakidetza Serv Vasco Salud, Vitoria, Alava, Spain

Costa-Alcalde, JJ:
 Hosp Clin Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain

de Toro, M:
 Ctr Invest Biomed La Rioja CIBIR, Plataforma Genom & Bioinformat, Logrono, Spain

Peinado, ID:
 Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Serv Microbiol, Malaga, Spain

del Pozo, JL:
 Clin Univ Navarra, Serv Enfermedades Infecciosas & Microbiol Clin, Pamplona, Spain

Duchene, S:
 Univ Melbourne, Peter Doherty Inst Infect & Immun, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

Fernandez-Pinero, J:
 MP INIA, Inst Nacl Invest & Tecnol Agr & Alimentaria, OA, Madrid, Spain

Escriva, BF:
 Univ Valencia, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Valencia, Spain

 Consorcio Hosp Gen Univ Valencia, Serv Microbiol, Valencia, Spain

Cardona, CG:
 Consorcio Hosp Gen Univ Valencia, Serv Microbiol, Valencia, Spain

Galan, VG:
 Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Microbiol UCEIMP, Seville, Spain

Jimenez, NG:
 Elche Hosp Gen, Serv Microbiol, Dept Salud, Alicante, Spain

Crespo, SH:
 Hosp Univ Alava, Serv Microbiol, Osakidetza Serv Vasco Salud, Vitoria, Alava, Spain

Herranz, M:
 Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon, Serv Microbiol Clin & Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain

 Inst Invest Sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain

 CIBER Enfermedades Resp CIBERES, Bunyola, Spain

Lepe, JA:
 Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Microbiol UCEIMP, Seville, Spain

Lopez-Causape, C:
 Hosp Univ Son Espases, Serv Microbiol, Palma De Mallorca, Spain

Lopez-Hontangas, JL:
 Hosp Univ & Politecn La Fe, Serv Microbiol, Valencia, Spain

Martin, V:
 CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain

 Univ Leon, Res Grp Gene Environm Interact & Hlth, Inst Biomed IBIOMED, Leon, Spain

Martro, E:
 CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain

 Hosp Badalona Germans Trias & Pujol, Inst Invest Ciencies Salut Germans Trias & Pujol, Serv Microbiol, Lab Clin Metropolitana Nord, Barcelona, Spain

Beamonte, AM:
 Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Serv Microbiol Clin, Zaragoza, Spain

Ros, MM:
 Hosp Univ Donostia, Serv MicrobiologiaBiodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain

Moreno-Munoz, R:
 Hosp Gen Univ Castellon, Castellon de La Plana, Spain

Navarro, D:
 Univ Valencia, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Valencia, Spain

 Hosp Clin Univ, INCLIVA Res Inst, Microbiol Serv, Valencia, Spain

Navarro-Mari, JM:
 Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Serv Microbiol, Granada, Spain

 Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Inst Invest Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Spain

Not, A:
 Hosp Badalona Germans Trias & Pujol, Inst Invest Ciencies Salut Germans Trias & Pujol, Serv Microbiol, Lab Clin Metropolitana Nord, Barcelona, Spain

Oliver, A:
 Hosp Univ Son Espases, Serv Microbiol, Palma De Mallorca, Spain

 Inst Invest Sanitaria Islas Baleares, Palma De Mallorca, Spain

Palop-Borras, B:
 Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Serv Microbiol, Malaga, Spain

Grande, MP:
 Hosp Marina Baixa, Lab Microbiol, Villajoyosa, Spain

Pedrosa-Corral, I:
 Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Serv Microbiol, Granada, Spain

 Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Inst Invest Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Spain

Gonzalez, MCP:
 Hosp Univ Gran Canaria Dr Negrin, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain

Perez-Lago, L:
 Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon, Serv Microbiol Clin & Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain

 Inst Invest Sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain

Perez-Ruiz, M:
 Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Serv Microbiol, Malaga, Spain

Vazquez, LP:
 Hosp Univ Donostia, Serv MicrobiologiaBiodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain

Rabella, N:
 Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Serv Microbiol, Barcelona, Spain

 Inst Invest Biomed St Pau, CREPIMC, Barcelona, Spain

 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain

Rezusta, A:
 Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Serv Microbiol Clin, Zaragoza, Spain

 Ctr Invest Biomed Aragon CIBA, Inst Invest Sanitaria Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain

 Univ Zaragoza, Fac Med, Zaragoza, Spain

Fonseca, LR:
 Hosp Gen Univ Albacete, Albacete, Spain

Sanbonmatsu-Gamez, S:
 Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Serv Microbiol, Granada, Spain

 Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Inst Invest Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Spain

Sicilia, J:
 Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon, Serv Microbiol Clin & Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain

 Inst Invest Sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain

Soriano, A:
 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Serv Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain

Balaguer, MDT:
 Hosp Gen Univ Castellon, Castellon de La Plana, Spain

Torres, I:
 Hosp Clin Univ, INCLIVA Res Inst, Microbiol Serv, Valencia, Spain

Tristancho, A:
 Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Serv Microbiol Clin, Zaragoza, Spain

 Ctr Invest Biomed Aragon CIBA, Inst Invest Sanitaria Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain

Marimon, JM:
 Hosp Univ Donostia, Serv MicrobiologiaBiodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain

Coscolla, M:
 Univ Valencia, Inst Biol Integrat Sistemas, I2SysBio, CSIC, Valencia, Spain

Gonzalez-Candelas, F:
 Joint Res Unit Infect & Publ Hlth FISABIO Univ Va, Valencia, Spain

 CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain

Comas, I:
 Inst Biomed Valencia IBV CSIC, Valencia, Spain

 CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain

Navarro F.:
 Inst Invest Biomed St Pau, CREPIMC, Barcelona, Spain

Miró E.:
 Inst Invest Biomed St Pau, CREPIMC, Barcelona, Spain

Fernandez-Cadenas I:
 Inst Invest Biomed St Pau, CREPIMC, Barcelona, Spain

Martínez García L.:
 CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain

 Inst Invest Biomed St Pau, CREPIMC, Barcelona, Spain

Roig-Cardelles, M.:
 Laboratorio de microbiología del Hospital Comarcal de Vinaròs, Vinaròs, Spain
ISSN: 10614036





NATURE GENETICS
Editorial
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA, Estados Unidos America
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 53 Número: 10
Páginas: 1405
WOS Id: 000702232800003
ID de PubMed: 34594042
imagen Bronze, Green Accepted

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