The first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Spain was associated with early introductions and fast spread of a dominating genetic variant
Por:
Lopez, MG, Chiner-Oms, A, de Viedma, DG, Ruiz-Rodriguez, P, Bracho, MA, Cancino-Munoz, I, D'Auria, G, de Marco, G, Garcia-Gonzalez, N, Goig, GA, Gomez-Navarro, I, Jimenez-Serrano, S, Martinez-Priego, L, Ruiz-Hueso, P, Ruiz-Roldan, L, Torres-Puente, M, Alberola, J, Albert, E, Zaldumbide, MA, Bea-Escudero, MP, Boga, JA, Bordoy, AE, Canut-Blasco, A, Carvajal, A, Eguiluz, GC, Rodriguez, MLC, Costa-Alcalde, JJ, de Toro, M, Peinado, ID, del Pozo, JL, Duchene, S, Fernandez-Pinero, J, Escriva, BF, Cardona, CG, Galan, VG, Jimenez, NG, Crespo, SH, Herranz, M, Lepe, JA, Lopez-Causape, C, Lopez-Hontangas, JL, Martin, V, Martro, E, Beamonte, AM, Ros, MM, Moreno-Munoz, R, Navarro, D, Navarro-Mari, JM, Not, A, Oliver, A, Palop-Borras, B, Grande, MP, Pedrosa-Corral, I, Gonzalez, MCP, Perez-Lago, L, Perez-Ruiz, M, Vazquez, LP, Rabella, N, Rezusta, A, Fonseca, LR, Sanbonmatsu-Gamez, S, Sicilia, J, Soriano, A, Balaguer, MDT, Torres, I, Tristancho, A, Marimon, JM, Coscolla, M, Gonzalez-Candelas, F, Comas, I, Navarro F., Miró E., Fernandez-Cadenas I, Martínez García L., Roig-Cardelles, M.
Publicada:
1 oct 2021
Ahead of Print:
1 sep 2021
Resumen:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the world radically since 2020. Spain was one of the European countries with the highest incidence during the first wave. As a part of a consortium to monitor and study the evolution of the epidemic, we sequenced 2,170 samples, diagnosed mostly before lockdown measures. Here, we identified at least 500 introductions from multiple international sources and documented the early rise of two dominant Spanish epidemic clades (SECs), probably amplified by superspreading events. Both SECs were related closely to the initial Asian variants of SARS-CoV-2 and spread widely across Spain. We inferred a substantial reduction in the effective reproductive number of both SECs due to public-health interventions (R-e < 1), also reflected in the replacement of SECs by a new variant over the summer of 2020. In summary, we reveal a notable difference in the initial genetic makeup of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain compared with other European countries and show evidence to support the effectiveness of lockdown measures in controlling virus spread, even for the most successful genetic variants.
Analysis of 2,170 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Spain provides insights into transmission patterns and the effects of lockdown on the emergence of new variants.
Filiaciones:
Lopez, MG:
Inst Biomed Valencia IBV CSIC, Valencia, Spain
Chiner-Oms, A:
Inst Biomed Valencia IBV CSIC, Valencia, Spain
de Viedma, DG:
Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon, Serv Microbiol Clin & Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
Inst Invest Sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain
CIBER Enfermedades Resp CIBERES, Bunyola, Spain
Ruiz-Rodriguez, P:
Univ Valencia, Inst Biol Integrat Sistemas, I2SysBio, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
Bracho, MA:
Joint Res Unit Infect & Publ Hlth FISABIO Univ Va, Valencia, Spain
CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
Cancino-Munoz, I:
Inst Biomed Valencia IBV CSIC, Valencia, Spain
D'Auria, G:
CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
Serv Secuenciac, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
de Marco, G:
Serv Secuenciac, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
Garcia-Gonzalez, N:
Joint Res Unit Infect & Publ Hlth FISABIO Univ Va, Valencia, Spain
Goig, GA:
Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Med Parasitol & Infect Biol, Basel, Switzerland
Gomez-Navarro, I:
Inst Biomed Valencia IBV CSIC, Valencia, Spain
Jimenez-Serrano, S:
Inst Biomed Valencia IBV CSIC, Valencia, Spain
Martinez-Priego, L:
Serv Secuenciac, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
Ruiz-Hueso, P:
Serv Secuenciac, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
Ruiz-Roldan, L:
Joint Res Unit Infect & Publ Hlth FISABIO Univ Va, Valencia, Spain
Torres-Puente, M:
Inst Biomed Valencia IBV CSIC, Valencia, Spain
Alberola, J:
Hosp Dr Peset, Serv Microbiol, Valencia, Spain
Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria Sanitat & Consum, Valencia, Spain
Univ Valencia, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Valencia, Spain
Albert, E:
Hosp Clin Univ, INCLIVA Res Inst, Microbiol Serv, Valencia, Spain
Zaldumbide, MA:
Hosp Univ Cruces, Serv Microbiol, Bilbao, Spain
Inst Invest Sanitaria Biocruces Bizkaia, Grp Microbiol & Control Infecc, Baracaldo, Spain
Bea-Escudero, MP:
Ctr Invest Biomed La Rioja CIBIR, Plataforma Genom & Bioinformat, Logrono, Spain
Boga, JA:
Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Serv Microbiol, Oviedo, Spain
Inst Invest Sanitaria Principado Asturias ISPA, Grp Microbiol Traslac, Asturias, Spain
Bordoy, AE:
Hosp Badalona Germans Trias & Pujol, Inst Invest Ciencies Salut Germans Trias & Pujol, Serv Microbiol, Lab Clin Metropolitana Nord, Barcelona, Spain
Canut-Blasco, A:
Hosp Univ Alava, Serv Microbiol, Osakidetza Serv Vasco Salud, Vitoria, Alava, Spain
Carvajal, A:
Univ Leon, Anim Hlth Dept, Leon, Spain
Eguiluz, GC:
Hosp Univ Donostia, Serv MicrobiologiaBiodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
Rodriguez, MLC:
Hosp Univ Alava, Serv Microbiol, Osakidetza Serv Vasco Salud, Vitoria, Alava, Spain
Costa-Alcalde, JJ:
Hosp Clin Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
de Toro, M:
Ctr Invest Biomed La Rioja CIBIR, Plataforma Genom & Bioinformat, Logrono, Spain
Peinado, ID:
Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Serv Microbiol, Malaga, Spain
del Pozo, JL:
Clin Univ Navarra, Serv Enfermedades Infecciosas & Microbiol Clin, Pamplona, Spain
Duchene, S:
Univ Melbourne, Peter Doherty Inst Infect & Immun, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Fernandez-Pinero, J:
MP INIA, Inst Nacl Invest & Tecnol Agr & Alimentaria, OA, Madrid, Spain
Escriva, BF:
Univ Valencia, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Valencia, Spain
Consorcio Hosp Gen Univ Valencia, Serv Microbiol, Valencia, Spain
Cardona, CG:
Consorcio Hosp Gen Univ Valencia, Serv Microbiol, Valencia, Spain
Galan, VG:
Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Microbiol UCEIMP, Seville, Spain
Jimenez, NG:
Elche Hosp Gen, Serv Microbiol, Dept Salud, Alicante, Spain
Crespo, SH:
Hosp Univ Alava, Serv Microbiol, Osakidetza Serv Vasco Salud, Vitoria, Alava, Spain
Herranz, M:
Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon, Serv Microbiol Clin & Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
Inst Invest Sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain
CIBER Enfermedades Resp CIBERES, Bunyola, Spain
Lepe, JA:
Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Microbiol UCEIMP, Seville, Spain
Lopez-Causape, C:
Hosp Univ Son Espases, Serv Microbiol, Palma De Mallorca, Spain
Lopez-Hontangas, JL:
Hosp Univ & Politecn La Fe, Serv Microbiol, Valencia, Spain
Martin, V:
CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
Univ Leon, Res Grp Gene Environm Interact & Hlth, Inst Biomed IBIOMED, Leon, Spain
Martro, E:
CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
Hosp Badalona Germans Trias & Pujol, Inst Invest Ciencies Salut Germans Trias & Pujol, Serv Microbiol, Lab Clin Metropolitana Nord, Barcelona, Spain
Beamonte, AM:
Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Serv Microbiol Clin, Zaragoza, Spain
Ros, MM:
Hosp Univ Donostia, Serv MicrobiologiaBiodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
Moreno-Munoz, R:
Hosp Gen Univ Castellon, Castellon de La Plana, Spain
Navarro, D:
Univ Valencia, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Valencia, Spain
Hosp Clin Univ, INCLIVA Res Inst, Microbiol Serv, Valencia, Spain
Navarro-Mari, JM:
Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Serv Microbiol, Granada, Spain
Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Inst Invest Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Spain
Not, A:
Hosp Badalona Germans Trias & Pujol, Inst Invest Ciencies Salut Germans Trias & Pujol, Serv Microbiol, Lab Clin Metropolitana Nord, Barcelona, Spain
Oliver, A:
Hosp Univ Son Espases, Serv Microbiol, Palma De Mallorca, Spain
Inst Invest Sanitaria Islas Baleares, Palma De Mallorca, Spain
Palop-Borras, B:
Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Serv Microbiol, Malaga, Spain
Grande, MP:
Hosp Marina Baixa, Lab Microbiol, Villajoyosa, Spain
Pedrosa-Corral, I:
Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Serv Microbiol, Granada, Spain
Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Inst Invest Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Spain
Gonzalez, MCP:
Hosp Univ Gran Canaria Dr Negrin, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain
Perez-Lago, L:
Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon, Serv Microbiol Clin & Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
Inst Invest Sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain
Perez-Ruiz, M:
Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Serv Microbiol, Malaga, Spain
Vazquez, LP:
Hosp Univ Donostia, Serv MicrobiologiaBiodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
Rabella, N:
Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Serv Microbiol, Barcelona, Spain
Inst Invest Biomed St Pau, CREPIMC, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain
Rezusta, A:
Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Serv Microbiol Clin, Zaragoza, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Aragon CIBA, Inst Invest Sanitaria Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
Univ Zaragoza, Fac Med, Zaragoza, Spain
Fonseca, LR:
Hosp Gen Univ Albacete, Albacete, Spain
Sanbonmatsu-Gamez, S:
Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Serv Microbiol, Granada, Spain
Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Inst Invest Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Spain
Sicilia, J:
Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon, Serv Microbiol Clin & Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
Inst Invest Sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain
Soriano, A:
Hosp Clin Barcelona, Serv Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
Balaguer, MDT:
Hosp Gen Univ Castellon, Castellon de La Plana, Spain
Torres, I:
Hosp Clin Univ, INCLIVA Res Inst, Microbiol Serv, Valencia, Spain
Tristancho, A:
Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Serv Microbiol Clin, Zaragoza, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Aragon CIBA, Inst Invest Sanitaria Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
Marimon, JM:
Hosp Univ Donostia, Serv MicrobiologiaBiodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
Coscolla, M:
Univ Valencia, Inst Biol Integrat Sistemas, I2SysBio, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
Gonzalez-Candelas, F:
Joint Res Unit Infect & Publ Hlth FISABIO Univ Va, Valencia, Spain
CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
Comas, I:
Inst Biomed Valencia IBV CSIC, Valencia, Spain
CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
Navarro F.:
Inst Invest Biomed St Pau, CREPIMC, Barcelona, Spain
Miró E.:
Inst Invest Biomed St Pau, CREPIMC, Barcelona, Spain
Fernandez-Cadenas I:
Inst Invest Biomed St Pau, CREPIMC, Barcelona, Spain
Martínez García L.:
CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
Inst Invest Biomed St Pau, CREPIMC, Barcelona, Spain
Roig-Cardelles, M.:
Laboratorio de microbiología del Hospital Comarcal de Vinaròs, Vinaròs, Spain
Bronze, Green Accepted
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