An international perspective on hospitalized patients with viral community-acquired pneumonia


Por: Radovanovic, D, Sotgiu, G, Jankovic, M, Mahesh, PA, Marcos, PJ, Abdalla, MI, Di Pasquale, MF, Gramegna, A, Terraneo, S, Blasi, F, Santus, P, Aliberti, S, Reyes, LF, Restrepo, MI, Noriega, L, Alvarado, E, Aman, M, Labra, L, Aruj, PK, Attorri, S, Barimboim, E, Caeiro, JP, Garzon, MI, Cambursano, VH, Ceccato, A, Chertcoff, J, Diaz, AC, de Vedia, L, Ganaha, MC, Lambert, S, Lopardo, G, Luna, CM, Malberti, AG, Morcillo, N, Tartara, S, Pensotti, C, Pereyra, B, Scapellato, PG, Stagnaro, JP, Shah, S, Lotsch, F, Thalhammer, F, Anseeuw, K, Francois, CA, Van Braeckel, E, Vincent, JL, Djimon, MZ, Nouer, SA, Chipev, P, Encheva, M, Miteva, D, Petkova, D, Balkissou, AD, Yone, EWP, Ngahane, BHM, Shen, N, Xu, JF, Rico, CAB, Buitrago, R, Paternina, FJP, Ntumba, JMK, Vladic-Carevic, V, Jakopovic, M, Matkovic, Z, Mitrecic, I, Jacobsson, MLB, Christensen, AB, Bodtger, U, Meyer, CN, Jensen, AV, El-Wahhab, IE, Morsy, NE, Shafiek, H, Sobh, E, Abdulsemed, KA, Bertrand, F, Brun-Buisson, C, de Montmollin, E, Fartoukh, M, Messika, J, Tattevin, P, Khoury, A, Ebruke, B, Dreher, M, Kolditz, M, Meisinger, M, Pletz, MW, Hagel, S, Rupp, J, Schaberg, T, Spielmanns, M, Creutz, P, Suttorp, N, Siaw-Lartey, B, Dimakou, K, Papapetrou, D, Tsigou, E, Ampazis, D, Kaimakamis, E, Bhatia, M, Dhar, R, D'Souza, G, Garg, R, Koul, PA, Jayaraj, BS, Narayan, KV, Udnur, HB, Krishnamurthy, SB, Kant, S, Swarnakar, R, Salvi, S, Limaye, S, Golshani, K, Keatings, VM, Martin-Loeches, I, Maor, Y, Strahilevitz, J, Battaglia, S, Carrabba, M, Ceriana, P, Confalonieri, M, Monforte, AD, Del Prato, B, De Rosa, M, Fantini, R, Fiorentino, G, Gammino, MA, Menzella, F, Milani, G, Nava, S, Palmiero, G, Petrino, R, Gabrielli, B, Rossi, P, Sorino, C, Steinhilber, G, Zanforlin, A, Franzetti, F, Carone, M, Patella, V, Scarlata, S, Comel, A, Kurahashi, K, Bacha, ZA, Ugalde, DB, Zuniga, OC, Villegas, JF, Medenica, M, van de Garde, EMW, Mihsra, DR, Shrestha, P, Ridgeon, E, Awokola, BI, Nwankwo, ONO, Olufunlola, AB, Olumide, S, Ukwaja, KN, Irfan, M, Minarowski, L, Szymon, S, Froes, F, Meireles, M, Ferrao, C, Leuschner, P, Neves, J, Ravara, SB, Brocovschii, V, Ion, C, Rusu, D, Toma, C, Chirita, D, Dorobat, CM, Birkun, A, Kaluzhenina, A, Almotairi, A, Bukhary, ZAA, Edathodu, J, Fathy, A, Enani, AMA, Mohamed, NE, Memon, JU, Bella, A, Bogdanovic, N, Milenkovic, B, Pesut, D, Borderias, L, Garcia, NMB, Alarcon, HC, Cilloniz, C, Torres, A, Diaz-Brito, V, Casas, X, Gonzalez, AE, Fernandez-Almira, ML, Gallego, M, Gaspar-GarcIa, I, Del Castillo, JG, Victoria, PJ, Martinez, EL, de Molina, RM, Menendez, R, Pando-Sandoval, A, Aymerich, CP, de la Torre, AL, Garcia-Olive, I, Rello, J, Moyano, S, Sanz, F, Sibila, O, Rodrigo-Troyano, A, Sole-Violan, J, Uranga, A, van Boven, JFM, Torra, EV, Pujol, JA, Feldman, C, Yum, HK, Fiogbe, AA, Yangui, F, Bilaceroglu, S, Dalar, L, Yilmaz, U, Bogomolov, A, Elahi, N, Dhasmana, DJ, Feneley, A, Hancock, C, Hill, AT, Rudran, B, Ruiz-Buitrago, S, Campbell, M, Whitaker, P, Youzguin, A, Singanayagam, A, Allen, KS, Brito, V, Dietz, J, Dysart, CE, Kellie, SM, Franco-Sadud, RA, Meier, G, Gaga, M, Holland, TL, Bergin, SP, Kheir, F, Landmeier, M, Lois, M, Nair, GB, Patel, H, Reyes, K, Rodriguez-Cintron, W, Saito, S, Soni, NJ, Noda, J, Hinojosa, CI, Levine, SM, Angel, LF, Anzueto, A, Whitlow, KS, Hipskind, J, Sukhija, K, Totten, V, Wunderink, RG, Shah, RD, Mateyo, KJ, Carugati, M, Morosi, M, Monge, E

Publicada: 1 feb 2019
Resumen:
Background: Who should be tested for viruses in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP), prevalence and risk factors for viral CAP are still debated. We evaluated the frequency of viral testing, virus prevalence, risk factors and treatment coverage with oseltamivir in patients admitted for CAP. Methods: Secondary analysis of GLIMP, an international, multicenter, point-prevalence study of hospitalized adults with CAP. Testing frequency, prevalence of viral CAP and treatment with oseltamivir were assessed among patients who underwent a viral swab. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to evaluate risk factors. Results: 553 (14.9%) patients with CAP underwent nasal swab. Viral CAP was diagnosed in 157 (28.4%) patients. Influenza virus was isolated in 80.9% of cases. Testing frequency and viral CAP prevalence were inhomogeneous across the participating centers. Obesity (OR 1.59, 95%CI: 1.01-2.48; p = 0.043) and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 1.62, 95%CI: 1.02-2.56; p = 0.040) were independently associated with viral CAP. Prevalence of empirical treatment with oseltamivir was 5.1%. Conclusion: In an international scenario, testing frequency for viruses in CAP is very low. The most common cause of viral CAP is Influenza virus. Obesity and need for invasive ventilation represent independent risk factors for viral CAP. Adherence to recommendations for treatment with oseltamivir is poor.

Filiaciones:
Radovanovic, D:
 Univ Milan, Dept Biomed & Clin Sci DIBIC, Sect Resp Dis, Osped L Sacco,ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy

Sotgiu, G:
 Univ Sassari, Dept Med Surg & Expt Med, Clin Epidemiol & Med Stat Unit, Sassari, Italy

Jankovic, M:
 Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Ctr Zagreb, Dept Resp Dis Jordanovac, Sch Med, Zagreb, Croatia

Mahesh, PA:
 JSS Acad Higher Educ & Res, JSS Med Coll, Dept Pulm Med, Mysore, Karnataka, India

Marcos, PJ:
 Univ Coruna UDC, Inst Invest Biomed Coruna INIBIC, Estruct Organizat Xest Integrada EOXI A Coruna, CHUAC,SERDAS,Direcc Proc Asistenciales,Serv Neumo, La Coruna, Spain

Abdalla, MI:
 South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX USA

 Univ Texas Hlth San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA

Di Pasquale, MF:
 Univ Milan, Dept Pathophysiol & Transplantat, Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Internal Med Dept,Resp Unit & Cyst Fibrosis Adult, Via Francesco Sforza 35, I-20122 Milan, Italy

Gramegna, A:
 Univ Milan, Dept Pathophysiol & Transplantat, Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Internal Med Dept,Resp Unit & Cyst Fibrosis Adult, Via Francesco Sforza 35, I-20122 Milan, Italy

Terraneo, S:
 Univ Milan, Dept Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy

Blasi, F:
 Univ Milan, Dept Pathophysiol & Transplantat, Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Internal Med Dept,Resp Unit & Cyst Fibrosis Adult, Via Francesco Sforza 35, I-20122 Milan, Italy

Santus, P:
 Univ Milan, Dept Biomed & Clin Sci DIBIC, Sect Resp Dis, Osped L Sacco,ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy

Aliberti, S:
 Univ Milan, Dept Pathophysiol & Transplantat, Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Internal Med Dept,Resp Unit & Cyst Fibrosis Adult, Via Francesco Sforza 35, I-20122 Milan, Italy

Reyes, LF:
 Univ la Sabana, Dept Microbiol, Chia, Colombia

 Univ Milan, Resp Unit, San Paolo Hosp, Dept Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy

Restrepo, MI:
 South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX USA

 Univ Texas Hlth San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA

Aruj, PK:
 Univ Hosp Alfredo Lanari, Dept Internal Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

Attorri, S:
 Hosp Luis Lago Maggiore, Mendoza, Argentina

Barimboim, E:
 Hosp Cent Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina

Caeiro, JP:
 Hosp Privado Univ, Cordoba, Argentina

Garzon, MI:
 Hosp Privado Univ, Cordoba, Argentina

Cambursano, VH:
 Hosp Rawson, Serv Neumol, VH Dr Cazaux A, Cordoba, Argentina

Ceccato, A:
 Hosp Nacl Prof Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

Chertcoff, J:
 Buenos Aires British Hosp, Crit Care Unit & Resp Med, Florencia Lascar & Fernando Di Tulio, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

Diaz, AC:
 Hosp Gen Alvear, Mendoza, Argentina

de Vedia, L:
 Hosp Muniz, Resp Intens Care Unit, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

Ganaha, MC:
 Hosp Interzonal Gen Agudos Vicente y Lopez Planes, Infect Dis Ward, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

Lambert, S:
 Hosp El Cruce, Alta Complejidad Red, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

Lopardo, G:
 Hosp Bernardo Houssay, Vicente Lopez, Argentina

Luna, CM:
 Univ Buenos Aires, Hosp Clin, Dept Med, Pulm Med Div, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

Malberti, AG:
 Hosp Nuestra Senora Carmen, La Rioja, Spain

Morcillo, N:
 Hosp Zonal Especializado Agudos & Cronicos Dr Ant, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

Tartara, S:
 Hosp Zonal Especializado Agudos & Cronicos Dr Ant, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

Pensotti, C:
 Clin Privada Monte Grande, Infect Dis & Infect Control Dept, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

Pereyra, B:
 Hosp San Roque, Cordoba, Argentina

Scapellato, PG:
 Hosp DF Santojanni, Infect Dis Dept, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

Stagnaro, JP:
 HZGA Mi Pueblo, Florencio Varela, Argentina

Shah, S:
 Austin Hosp, Dept Gen Med, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia

Lotsch, F:
 Med Univ Vienna, Dept Med 1, Div Infect Dis & Trop Med, Vienna, Austria

Thalhammer, F:
 Med Univ Vienna, Dept Med 1, Div Infect Dis & Trop Med, Vienna, Austria

Anseeuw, K:
 ZNA Campus Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium

Francois, CA:
 Erasme Univ Hosp, Anesthesia & Crit Care Dept, Brussels, Belgium

Van Braeckel, E:
 Ghent Univ Hosp, Dept Resp Med, Ghent, Belgium

Vincent, JL:
 Univ Libre Bruxelles, Erasme Univ Hosp, Dept Intens Care, Brussels, Belgium

Djimon, MZ:
 Ctr Hosp Univ HKM Cotonou, Jules Bashi & Roger Dodo, Cotonou, Benin

Nouer, SA:
 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

Chipev, P:
 Mil Med Acad, Clin Pulm Dis, Sofia, Bulgaria

Encheva, M:
 Mil Med Acad, Clin Pulm Dis, Sofia, Bulgaria

Miteva, D:
 UMHAT St Marina, Varna, Bulgaria

Petkova, D:
 Univ Hosp Varna, Varna, Bulgaria

Balkissou, AD:
 Yaounde Jamot Hosp, Yaounde, Cameroon

Yone, EWP:
 Univ Yaounde, Dept Med Interne, Yaounde, Cameroon

Ngahane, BHM:
 Douala Gen Hosp, Douala, Cameroon

Shen, N:
 Peking Univ, Hosp 3, Resp Med, Beijing, Peoples R China

Xu, JF:
 Tongji Univ, Shanghai Pulm Hosp, Dept Resp Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China

Rico, CAB:
 Clin Shaio, Bogota, Colombia

Buitrago, R:
 Clin Shaio, Bogota, Colombia

Paternina, FJP:
 Las Amer Clin, Medellin, Colombia

Ntumba, JMK:
 Clin Univ Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO

Vladic-Carevic, V:
 Interne Med, Dubrovnik, Croatia

Jakopovic, M:
 Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Ctr Zagreb, Dept Resp Dis Jordanovac, Med Sch, Zagreb, Croatia

Matkovic, Z:
 Univ Hosp Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia

Mitrecic, I:
 Karlovac Gen Hosp, Karlovac, Croatia

Jacobsson, MLB:
 North Zealands Hosp, Emergency Dept, Hillerod, Denmark

Christensen, AB:
 Viborg Reg Hosp, Dept Anaethesiol, Viborg, Denmark

Bodtger, U:
 Naestved Hosp, Dept Pulmonol, Naestved, Denmark

Meyer, CN:
 Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Roskilde Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Roskilde, Denmark

Jensen, AV:
 Nordsjaellands Hosp Hillerod, Dept Lung & Infect Dis, Gertrud Baunbaek Knudsen Pelle Trier Petersen & S, Hillerod, Denmark

El-Wahhab, IE:
 Mansoura Univ, Fac Med, Thorac Med, Mansoura, Egypt

Morsy, NE:
 Mansoura Univ, Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Mansoura, Egypt

Shafiek, H:
 Alexandria Univ, Chest Dis Dept, Alexandria, Egypt

Sobh, E:
 Al Azhar Univ, Chest Dis Dept, Cairo, Egypt

Abdulsemed, KA:
 Jimma Univ, Inst Biotechnol Res, Mycobacteriol Res Ctr, Dept Med Lab Sci & Pathol,Coll Hlth Sci, Jimma, Ethiopia

Bertrand, F:
 Robert Ballanger Hosp, Crit Care Unit, Aulnay Sous Bois, France

Brun-Buisson, C:
 Univ Hosp Henri Mondor, F-94000 Creteil, France

de Montmollin, E:
 Ctr Hosp St Denis, Hop Delafontaine, Intens Care Unit, St Denis, Reunion, France

Fartoukh, M:
 Hop Tenon, Grp Hosp Est Parisien, Pole Thorax Voies Aeriennes, Unite Reanimat Medicochirurg, Paris, France

Messika, J:
 Hop Louis Mourier, Serv Reanimat Medicochirurg, Publ Hop Paris, Colombes, France

 Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France

Tattevin, P:
 Pontchaillou Univ Hosp, Infect Dis & ICU, Rennes, France

Khoury, A:
 Univ Franche Comte, Dept Emergency Med & Crit Care, Med Ctr, Besancon, France

Ebruke, B:
 MRC Unit, Serekunda, Gambia

Dreher, M:
 Univ Hosp Aachen, Vasc Med & Intens Care Med, Pneumol, Dept Cardiol, Aachen, Germany

Kolditz, M:
 Tech Univ Dresden, Univ Hosp Carl Gustav Carus, Med Dept 1, Div Pulmonol, Dresden, Germany

Meisinger, M:
 Klinikum Niederlausitz GmbH, Klin Innere Med & Intens Med, Senftenberg, Germany

Pletz, MW:
 Jena Univ Hosp, Ctr Infect Dis & Infect Control, Jena, Germany

Hagel, S:
 Jena Univ Hosp, Ctr Infect Dis & Infect Control, Jena, Germany

Rupp, J:
 Univ Lubeck, Dept Mol & Infect Dis, Lubeck, Germany

Schaberg, T:
 Agaples Diakonieklinikum Rotenburg, Zentrum Pneumol, Rotenburg, Germany

Spielmanns, M:
 Univ Witten Herdecke, Internal Med Dept, Pulm Rehabil, St Remigius Hosp, Leverkusen, Germany

 Univ Witten Herdecke, Sch Med, St Remigius Hosp, Leverkusen, Germany

Creutz, P:
 Charite, Dept Infect Dis & Resp Med, Berlin, Germany

Suttorp, N:
 Charite, Dept Infect Dis & Resp Med, Berlin, Germany

Siaw-Lartey, B:
 Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Kumasi, Ghana

Dimakou, K:
 SOTIRIA Chest Hosp, Resp Med Dpt 5, Athens 11527, Greece

Papapetrou, D:
 Med Grp Athens, Paleo Faliro Clin, Athens, Greece

Tsigou, E:
 Agioi Anargiroi Hosp, Athens, Greece

Ampazis, D:
 Agioi Anargiroi Hosp, Athens, Greece

Kaimakamis, E:
 G Papanikolaou Gen Hosp Thessaloniki, Intens Care Unit, Thessaloniki, Greece

Bhatia, M:
 SS Hosp IMS BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

Dhar, R:
 Fortis Hosp, Kolkata, India

D'Souza, G:
 St Johns Med Coll Hosp, Dept Pulm Med, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India

Garg, R:
 King Georges Med Univ UP, Dept Resp Med, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Koul, PA:
 SheriKashmir Inst Med Sci, Dept Internal & Pulm Med, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India

Jayaraj, BS:
 JSS Univ, JSS Med Coll, Dept Pulm Med, Mysore, Karnataka, India

Narayan, KV:
 Columbia Asia Hosp, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Udnur, HB:
 Columbia Asia Hosp, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Krishnamurthy, SB:
 Columbia Asia Hosp, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Kant, S:
 King Georges Med Univ, Dept Resp Med, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India

Swarnakar, R:
 Getwell Hosp & Res Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Salvi, S:
 Resp Res Network India RRNI, Chest Res Fdn Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Limaye, S:
 Resp Res Network India RRNI, Chest Res Fdn Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Golshani, K:
 Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Esfahan, Iran

Keatings, VM:
 Letterkenny Gen Hosp, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland

Martin-Loeches, I:
 St James Univ Hosp, Trintiy Ctr Hlth Sci Dublin, MICRO, Dublin, Ireland

Maor, Y:
 Affiliated Tel Aviv Univ, Infect Dis Unit, Wolfson Med Ctr, Holon, Israel

Strahilevitz, J:
 Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Dept Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Jerusalem, Israel

Battaglia, S:
 Univ Palermo, Pneumol DiBiMIS, Palermo, Italy

Carrabba, M:
 Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Internal Med Dept, I-20122 Milan, Italy

Ceriana, P:
 IRCCS Fdn Maugeri, Pulm Rehabil, I-27100 Pavia, Italy

Confalonieri, M:
 Univ Hosp, Dept Pulmunol, Trieste, Italy

Monforte, AD:
 Univ Milan, San Paolo Hosp, Clin Infect Dis, Dept Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy

Del Prato, B:
 Hosp Antonio Cardarelli, Intervent Pneumol, Naples, Italy

De Rosa, M:
 PO San Filippo Neri ASL RM E Roma, UOC Pneumol, Rome, Italy

Fantini, R:
 Policlin Modena, Resp Dis Clin, I-41124 Modena, Italy

Fiorentino, G:
 AO Osped Colli PO Monaldi, UOC Fisiopatol & Riabilitaz Resp, Naples, Italy

Gammino, MA:
 San Martino Hosp, Pulm Med Unit, ASL 5 Oristano, Sardinia, Italy

Menzella, F:
 IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Dept Cardiac Thorac Vasc, Reggio Emilia, Italy

 IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Intens Care Med, Pneumol Unit, Reggio Emilia, Italy

Milani, G:
 Presidio Osped S Anna Nuovo Unita, Azienda Osped Sant Anna Como, Unita Operat Pneumol, Como, Italy

Nava, S:
 Alma Mater Univ Bologna, St Orsola Malpighi Hosp, Resp & Crit Care Unit, DIMES, Bologna, Italy

Palmiero, G:
 Versilia Hosp, Resp Unit, Azienda USL 12 Viareggio, Lido Di Camaiore, Lucca, Italy

Petrino, R:
 S Andrea Hosp, Emergency Med Unit, Vercelli, Italy

Gabrielli, B:
 S Andrea Hosp, Emergency Med Unit, Vercelli, Italy

Rossi, P:
 Univ S Maria Misericordia, Azienda Osped, Internal Med Dept, Udine, Italy

Sorino, C:
 AO St Anna Como, Pulmonol Unit, San Fermo Della Battagli, Italy

Steinhilber, G:
 UO Pneumol & Fisiopatol Resp, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy

Zanforlin, A:
 Osped San Luca, ULSS 18 Rovigo, I-45027 Trecenta, RO, Italy

Franzetti, F:
 Univ Milan, Luigi Sacco Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Dept Biomed & Clin Sci, Milan, Italy

Carone, M:
 IRCCS, Fdn Salvatore Maugeri, Cassano Delle Murge, Italy

Patella, V:
 Battipaglia Hosp, Dept Med Sci, Allergol & Clin Immunol Unit, Salerno, Italy

Scarlata, S:
 Campus Bio Medico Univ & Teaching Hosp, Unit Resp Pathophysiol & Thorac Endoscopy, Geriatr, Rome, Italy

Comel, A:
 Osped Pederzoli, UO Pneumol, Peschiera Del Garda, Italy

Kurahashi, K:
 Yokohama City Univ Med Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Bacha, ZA:
 St Joseph Univ, Med Sch, Beirut, Lebanon

Ugalde, DB:
 Natl Inst Resp Dis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

Zuniga, OC:
 Hosp Gen Mexicali, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico

Villegas, JF:
 Hosp Univ Monterrey, Nl Mexico 64030, Mexico

Medenica, M:
 Hosp Lung Dis Brezovik, Niksic, Montenegro

van de Garde, EMW:
 St Antonius Hosp, Dept Clin Pharm, Utrecht, Netherlands

Mihsra, DR:
 BP Koirala Inst Hlth Sci, Internal Med, Dharan, Nepal

Shrestha, P:
 Univ Oxford, Clin Res Unit, Patan Hosp, Patan, Nepal

Ridgeon, E:
 Med Res Inst New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand

Awokola, BI:
 Lily Hosp Ltd, Dept Family Med & Primary Care, Warri, Nigeria

Nwankwo, ONO:
 Univ Calabar, Teaching Hosp, Calabar, Nigeria

Olufunlola, AB:
 Olabisi Onabanjo Univ, Teaching Hosp, Shagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria

Olumide, S:
 Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Med, Pulm Unit, Ibadan, Nigeria

Ukwaja, KN:
 Fed Teaching Hosp Abakaliki, Dept Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria

Irfan, M:
 Aga Khan Univ, Dept Med, Sect Pulm & Crit Care Med, Karachi 74800, Pakistan

Minarowski, L:
 Med Univ Bialystok, Dept Lung Dis & TB, Bialystok, Poland

Szymon, S:
 Med Univ Silesia, Sch Med Katowice, Dept Pneumol, Katowice, Poland

 Inst Occupat Med & Environm Hlth, Sosnowiec, Poland

Froes, F:
 Hosp Pulido Valente CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal

Meireles, M:
 Ctr Hosp Porto, Serv Med, P-4099001 Porto, Portugal

Ferrao, C:
 Ctr Hosp Porto, Serv Med, P-4099001 Porto, Portugal

Leuschner, P:
 Ctr Hosp Porto, Porto, Portugal

 Ctr Hosp Porto, Serv Med, P-4099001 Porto, Portugal

Neves, J:
 Ctr Hosp Porto, Serv Med, P-4099001 Porto, Portugal

Ravara, SB:
 Univ Beira Interior, Fac Hlth Sci, P-6200251 Covilha, Portugal

 Cova Beira Hosp Ctr, P-6200251 Covilha, Portugal

Brocovschii, V:
 State Univ Med & Pharm Nicolae Testemitanu, Dept Pneumol & Allergol, Kishinev, Moldova

Ion, C:
 State Univ Med & Pharm Nicolae Testemitanu, Inst Emergency Med, Clin Anesthesia & Intens Care Valeriu Ghrerg, Kishinev, Moldova

Rusu, D:
 SMFU N Testemitanu, Kishinev, Moldova

Chirita, D:
 Hosp Sfantul Stefan, Bucharest, Romania

Dorobat, CM:
 Univ Med Farm Gr T Popa Iasi, Spitalul Clin Boli Infect Sfanta Parascheva Iasi, Fac Med Stomatol, Str Octav Botez 2, Iasi 700116, Romania

Birkun, A:
 State Univ Med & Pharm Nicolae Testemitanu, Dept Pneumol & Allergol, Kishinev, Moldova

 Med Acad, Dept Anesthesiol Crit Care & Emergency Med, St Petersburg, Russia

Kaluzhenina, A:
 Volgograd State Med Univ, Volgograd, Russia

Almotairi, A:
 KFMC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Bukhary, ZAA:
 Taibah Univ, Coll Med, Medina, Saudi Arabia

Edathodu, J:
 Al Faisal Univ, King Faisal Specialist Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Fathy, A:
 Taibah Univ, Mansoura Univ Egypt, Pulm & Resp Crit Care Med, Medina, Saudi Arabia

Enani, AMA:
 King Fahad Med City, Med Specialties Dept, Infect Dis Sect, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Mohamed, NE:
 King Fahad Med City, Med Specialties Dept, Infect Dis Sect, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Memon, JU:
 King Fahad Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Pulmonol Div, Al Hufuf 31982, Al Ahasa, Saudi Arabia

Bella, A:
 Dammam Univ Saudi Arabia, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

 King Fahad Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Bogdanovic, N:
 KHC Dr Dragisa Misovic, Pulm Dept, Belgrade, Serbia

Milenkovic, B:
 Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Clin Ctr Serbia, Clin Pulm Dis, Belgrade, Serbia

Pesut, D:
 Univ Belgrade, Clin Ctr Serbia, Teaching Hosp Pulmonol, Sch Med, Belgrade, Serbia

Borderias, L:
 Hosp San Jorge, Resp & Sleep Unit, Huesca, Spain

Garcia, NMB:
 Barcelona Policlin & Moises Broggi Hosp, Sant Joan Despi, Spain

Alarcon, HC:
 St Hosp Seu Urgell, Catalonia, Spain

Cilloniz, C:
 UB, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi i Sunyer IDIBAPS, Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Pneumol,Inst Clin Torax, Barcelona, Spain

Torres, A:
 UB, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi i Sunyer IDIBAPS, Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Pneumol,Inst Clin Torax, Barcelona, Spain

Diaz-Brito, V:
 UB, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi i Sunyer IDIBAPS, Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Pneumol,Inst Clin Torax, Barcelona, Spain

Casas, X:
 UB, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi i Sunyer IDIBAPS, Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Pneumol,Inst Clin Torax, Barcelona, Spain

Gonzalez, AE:
 Hosp Complex Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain

Fernandez-Almira, ML:
 Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Med Interna, Oviedo, Spain

Gallego, M:
 Inst Univ Parc Tauli UAB, Hosp Sabadell, Dept Resp Med, Sabadell, Spain

 CIBERES, CIBER Enfermedades Resp, Bunyola, Spain

Gaspar-GarcIa, I:
 Hosp Costa Sol, Dept Resp Med, Malaga, Spain

Del Castillo, JG:
 Hosp Univ Clin San Carlos, Emergency Dept, Madrid, Spain

Victoria, PJ:
 Univ Alicante, Hosp Gen, Alicante, Spain

Martinez, EL:
 Hosp Mollet, Barcelona, Spain

de Molina, RM:
 Univ Hosp Puerta Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain

Menendez, R:
 Univ & Polytech Hosp La Fe, Pneumol Serv, Valencia, Spain

Pando-Sandoval, A:
 Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Area Gest Clin Pulmon, Serv Neumol, Oviedo, Spain

Aymerich, CP:
 Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Inst Invest Germans Trias i Pujol, Microbiol Dept, Badalona, Spain

 Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Inst Invest Germans Trias i Pujol, Pneumol Dept, Badalona, Spain

 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CIBER Enfermedades Resp CIBERES, Inst Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain

de la Torre, AL:
 Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Inst Invest Germans Trias i Pujol, Microbiol Dept, Badalona, Spain

 Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Inst Invest Germans Trias i Pujol, Pneumol Dept, Badalona, Spain

 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CIBER Enfermedades Resp CIBERES, Inst Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain

Garcia-Olive, I:
 Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Inst Invest Germans Trias i Pujol, Microbiol Dept, Badalona, Spain

 Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Inst Invest Germans Trias i Pujol, Pneumol Dept, Badalona, Spain

 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CIBER Enfermedades Resp CIBERES, Inst Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain

Rello, J:
 Hosp Valle De Hebron, Crit Care Dept, Barcelona, Spain

Moyano, S:
 Hosp Valle De Hebron, Crit Care Dept, Barcelona, Spain

Sanz, F:
 Univ Valencia, Consorci Hosp Gen, Serv Neumol, Valencia, Spain

Sibila, O:
 Hosp Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Serv Pneumol, IIB St Pau, Barcelona, Spain

Rodrigo-Troyano, A:
 Hosp Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Serv Pneumol, IIB St Pau, Barcelona, Spain

Sole-Violan, J:
 Hosp Univ Gran Canaria Dr Negrin, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain

Uranga, A:
 Hosp Galdakao Usansolo, Pulmol Dept, Bizkaia, Spain

van Boven, JFM:
 Hosp Univ Son Espases, Palma De Mallorca, Spain

Torra, EV:
 Hosp Mataro, Intens Care Med, Mataro, Spain

Pujol, JA:
 Hosp Mataro, Intens Care Med, Mataro, Spain

Feldman, C:
 Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Acad Hosp, Dept Internal Med,Div Pulmonol, Johannesburg, South Africa

Yum, HK:
 Inje Univ, Seoul Paik Hosp, Gimhae, South Korea

Fiogbe, AA:
 Univ Hosp Sylvanus Olympio, Pulmonol & Infect Dis Serv, Lome, Togo

Yangui, F:
 Hosp Internal Forces Secur IFS, Dept Pneumol, Tunis, Tunisia

Bilaceroglu, S:
 Izmir Dr Suat Seren Training & Res Hosp Thorac Me, Izmir, Turkey

Dalar, L:
 Istanbul Bilim Univ, Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey

Yilmaz, U:
 Suat Seren Chest Dis & Surg Training & Res Hosp, Izmir, Turkey

Bogomolov, A:
 Vinnitsa Natl Pirogov Mem Med Univ, Vinnitsa Reg Antituberculosis Hosp, Vinnitsa, Ukraine

Elahi, N:
 Dubai Hosp, Dubai, U Arab Emirates

Feneley, A:
 Univ Hosp Leicester NHS Trust, Rhiannon Ions Julie Skeemer & Gerrit Woltmann, Leicester, Leics, England

 Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England

Hancock, C:
 Victoria Hosp, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, Scotland

 Royal Liverpool Univ, Royal Resp Res Team, Liverpool, Merseyside, England

Hill, AT:
 Royal Infirm & Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Rudran, B:
 Royal London Hosp, Barts Hlth Trust, London, England

Ruiz-Buitrago, S:
 Hairmyres Hosp, Eaglesham Rd, E Kilbride G75 8RG, Lanark, Scotland

Campbell, M:
 Hairmyres Hosp, Eaglesham Rd, E Kilbride G75 8RG, Lanark, Scotland

Whitaker, P:
 St James Hosp, Dept Resp Med, Leeds LS9 7TF, W Yorkshire, England

Youzguin, A:
 Southport & Ormskirk Hosp NHS Trust, Southport, England

Singanayagam, A:
 Imperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, London, England

Allen, KS:
 Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA

Brito, V:
 UB, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi i Sunyer IDIBAPS, Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Pneumol,Inst Clin Torax, Barcelona, Spain

 Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Crit Care & Sleep Med Baylor Scott & White Hlth, Div Pulm, Bryan, TX USA

Dietz, J:
 Fargo VA Hlth Care Syst, Fargo, ND USA

Dysart, CE:
 Clement J Zablocki VA Med Ctr, 5000 W Natl Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53295 USA

 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Raymond G Murphy VA Med Ctr, 1501 San Pedro SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA

Kellie, SM:
 Clement J Zablocki VA Med Ctr, 5000 W Natl Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53295 USA

 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Raymond G Murphy VA Med Ctr, 1501 San Pedro SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA

Franco-Sadud, RA:
 Cook Cty Hosp, Div Hosp Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA

Meier, G:
 Cook Cty Hosp, Div Hosp Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA

Gaga, M:
 Athens Chest Hosp, Dept & Asthma Ctr, Resp Med 7, Chicago, IL USA

Holland, TL:
 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA

 Duke Clin Res Inst, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA

Bergin, SP:
 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA

 Duke Clin Res Inst, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA

Kheir, F:
 Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pulm Dis Crit Care & Environm Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA

Landmeier, M:
 Northwestern Mem Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA

Lois, M:
 John Peter Smith Hosp, Ft Worth, TX 76104 USA

Nair, GB:
 SUNY Stony Brook, Winthrop Univ Hosp, Interstitial Lung Dis Programand Pulm Rehabil, Mineola, NY 11501 USA

Patel, H:
 Univ Colorado, Hosp Med Grp, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

Reyes, K:
 Henry Ford Hosp, Detroit, IL USA

Rodriguez-Cintron, W:
 VA Caribbean Healthcare Syst, Pulm Crit Care Med, San Juan, PR USA

Saito, S:
 Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA

Soni, NJ:
 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Div Hosp Med & Pulm, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA

 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Div Crit Care Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA

Noda, J:
 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Div Hosp Med & Pulm, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA

 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Div Crit Care Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA

Hinojosa, CI:
 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Div Hosp Med & Pulm, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA

 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Div Crit Care Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA

Levine, SM:
 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Div Hosp Med & Pulm, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA

 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Div Crit Care Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA

Angel, LF:
 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Div Hosp Med & Pulm, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA

 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Div Crit Care Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA

Anzueto, A:
 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Div Hosp Med & Pulm, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA

 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Div Crit Care Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA

Whitlow, KS:
 Kaweah Delta Hlth Care Dist, Dept Emergency Med, Visalia, CA USA

Hipskind, J:
 Kaweah Delta Hlth Care Dist, Dept Emergency Med, Visalia, CA USA

Sukhija, K:
 Kaweah Delta Hlth Care Dist, Dept Emergency Med, Visalia, CA USA

Totten, V:
 Kaweah Delta Hlth Care Dist, Dept Emergency Med, Visalia, CA USA

Wunderink, RG:
 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA

Shah, RD:
 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA

Mateyo, KJ:
 Univ Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Lusaka, Zambia

Carugati, M:
 Univ Milan, Luigi Sacco Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Dept Biomed & Clin Sci, Milan, Italy

Morosi, M:
 Univ Milan, Luigi Sacco Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Dept Biomed & Clin Sci, Milan, Italy

Monge, E:
 Univ Milan, Luigi Sacco Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Dept Biomed & Clin Sci, Milan, Italy

Govt Med Coll Kozhikode, Pulm Med, Kozhikode, Kerala, India.
ISSN: 09536205





European Journal of Internal Medicine
Editorial
ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, Países Bajos
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 60 Número:
Páginas: 54-70
WOS Id: 000457638600021
ID de PubMed: 30401576
imagen Bronze, Green Published, Green Accepted

MÉTRICAS