Association of Apolipoprotein E With Intracerebral Hemorrhage Risk by Race/Ethnicity A Meta-analysis
Por:
Marini, S, Crawford, K, Morotti, A, Lee, MJ, Moomaw, CJ, Flaherty, ML, Giralt-Steinhauer, E, Elosua, R, Cuadrado-Godia, E, Soriano-Tarraga, C, Jagiella, JM, Hansen, BM, McCauley, JL, Tirschwell, DL, Brown, DL, Silliman, SL, Worrall, BB, Meschia, JF, Kidwell, CS, Testai, FD, Kittner, SJ, Deary, LJ, Samarasekera, N, Salman, RAS, Sudlow, CL, Klijn, CJM, van Nieuwenhuizen, KM, Delgado, P, Nonving, B, Lindgren, A, Goldstein, JN, Viswanathan, A, Greenberg, SM, Falcone, GJ, Langefeld, CD, Anderson, CD, Smoller, S, Sorkin, J, Wang, XW, Selim, M, Pikula, A, Wolf, P, Debette, S, Seshadri, S, de Bakker, P, Chasman, D, Rexrode, K, Chen, I, Rotter, J, Luke, M, Sale, M, Lee, TH, Chang, KC, Elkind, M, Goldstein, L, James, M, Breteler, M, O'Donnell, C, Leys, D, Carty, C, Kidwell, C, Olesen, J, Sharma, P, Rich, S, Tatlisumak, T, Happola, O, Bijlenga, P, Soriano, C, Giralt, E, Roquer, J, Jimenez-Conde, J, Cotlarcius, L, Hardy, J, Korostynski, M, Boncoraglio, G, Ballabio, E, Parati, E, Mateusz, A, Urbanik, A, Dziedzic, T, Jagiella, J, Gasowski, J, Wnuk, M, Olszanecki, R, Pera, J, Slowik, A, Juchniewicz, KJ, Levi, C, Nyquist, P, Cendes, I, Cabral, N, Franca, P, Goncalves, A, Keller, L, Crisby, M, Kostulas, K, Lennnnens, R, Ahmadi, K, Opherk, C, Duering, M, Dichgans, M, Malik, R, Gonik, M, Staals, J, Melander, O, Burri, P, Sadr-Nabavi, A, Romero, J, Biffi, A, Anderson, C, Falcone, G, Brouwers, B, Rosand, J, Rost, N, Du, R, Kourkoulis, C, Battey, T, Lubitz, S, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Meschia, J, Brott, T, Pare, G, Pichler, A, Enzinger, C, Schmidt, H, Schmidt, R, Seiler, S, Blanton, S, Yamada, Y, Bersano, A, Rundek, T, Sacco, R, Chan, YFY, Gschwendtner, A, Deng, Z, Barr, T, Gwinn, K, Corriveau, R, Singleton, A, Waddy, S, Launer, L, Chen, C, Le, KE, Lee, WL, Tan, EK, Olugbodi, A, Rothwell, P, Schilling, S, Mok, V, Lebedeva, E, Jem, C, Jood, K, Olsson, S, Kim, H, Lee, C, Kilarski, L, Markus, H, Peycke, J, Bevan, S, Sheu, W, Chiou, HY, Chern, J, Giraldo, E, Taqi, M, Jain, V, Lam, O, Howard, G, Woo, D, Kittner, S, Mitchell, B, Cole, J, O'Connell, J, Milewicz, D, Illoh, K, Worrall, B, Stine, C, Karaszewski, B, Werring, D, Sofat, R, Smalley, J, Lindgren, A, Hansen, B, Norrving, B, Smith, G, Martin, JJ, Thijs, V, Klijn, K, van't Hof, F, Algra, A, Macleod, M, Perry, R, Arnett, D, Pezzini, A, Padovani, A, Cramer, S, Fisher, M, Saleheen, D, Broderick, J, Kissela, B, Doney, A, Sudlow, C, Rannikmae, K, Silliman, S, McDonough, C, Walters, M, Pedersen, A, Nakagawa, K, Chang, C, Dobbins, M, McArdle, P, Chang, YC, Brown, R, Brown, D, Holliday, E, Kalaria, R, Maguire, J, Hunter, J, Attia, J, Farrall, M, Giese, AK, Fomage, M, Majersik, J, Cushman, M, Keene, K, Bennett, S, Tirschwell, D, Psaty, B, Reiner, A, Longstreth, W, Spence, D, Montaner, J, Fernandez-Cadenas, I, Langefeld, C, Bushnell, C, Heitsch, L, Lee, JM, Sheth, K, Int Genetics Consortium
Publicada:
1 abr 2019
Resumen:
IMPORTANCE Genetic studies of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have focused mainly on white participants, but genetic risk may vary or could be concealed by differing nongenetic coexposures in nonwhite populations. Transethnic analysis of risk may clarify the role of genetics in ICH risk across populations.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between established differences in ICH risk by race/ethnicity and the variability in the risks of apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 alleles, the most potent genetic risk factor for ICH.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control study of primary ICH meta-analyzed the association of APOE allele status on ICH risk, applying a 2-stage clustering approach based on race/ethnicity and stratified by a contributing study. A propensity score analysis was used to model the association of APOE with the burden of hypertension across race/ethnic groups. Primary ICH cases and controls were collected from 3 hospital- and population-based studies in the United States and 8 in European sites in the International Stroke Genetic Consortium. Participants were enrolled from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2017. Participants with secondary causes of ICH were excluded from enrollment. Controls were regionally matched within each participating study.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Clinical variables were systematically obtained from structured interviews within each site. APOE genotype was centrally determined for all studies.
RESULTS In total, 13 124 participants (7153 [54.5%] male with a median [interquartile range] age of 66 [56-76] years) were included. In white participants, APOE epsilon 2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.24-1.80; P < .001) and APOE epsilon 4 (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.23-1.85; P < .001) were associated with lobar ICH risk; however, within self-identified Hispanic and black participants, no associations were found. After propensity score matching for hypertension burden, APOE epsilon 4 was associated with lobar ICH risk among Hispanic (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.28; P = .01) but not in black (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.98-1.07; P = .25) participants. APOE epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 did not show an association with nonlobar ICH risk in any race/ethnicity.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE APOE epsilon 4 and epsilon 2 alleles appear to affect lobar ICH risk variably by race/ethnicity, associations that are confirmed in white individuals but can be shown in Hispanic individuals only when the excess burden of hypertension is propensity score-matched; further studies are needed to explore the interactions between APOE alleles and environmental exposures that vary by race/ethnicity in representative populations at risk for ICH.
Filiaciones:
Marini, S:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Genom Med, 185 Cambridge St CPZN 6818, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Crawford, K:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Genom Med, 185 Cambridge St CPZN 6818, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Morotti, A:
IRCCS Mondino Fdn, Stroke Unit, Pavia, Italy
Moomaw, CJ:
Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Neurol & Rehabil Med, Cincinnati, OH USA
Flaherty, ML:
Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Neurol & Rehabil Med, Cincinnati, OH USA
Giralt-Steinhauer, E:
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Hosp del Mar Invest Med, Neurovasc Res Unit, Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain
Elosua, R:
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Hosp del Mar Invest Med, Neurovasc Res Unit, Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain
Cuadrado-Godia, E:
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Hosp del Mar Invest Med, Neurovasc Res Unit, Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain
Soriano-Tarraga, C:
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Hosp del Mar Invest Med, Neurovasc Res Unit, Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain
Jagiella, JM:
Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Krakow, Poland
Hansen, BM:
Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Neurol, Lund, Sweden
Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol & Rehabil, Lund, Sweden
McCauley, JL:
Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, John P Hussman Inst Human Genom, Miami, FL 33136 USA
Tirschwell, DL:
Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Stroke Ctr, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA
Brown, DL:
Univ Michigan, Cardiovasc Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Silliman, SL:
Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Worrall, BB:
Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Dept Neurol & Publ Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA
Meschia, JF:
Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
Kidwell, CS:
Univ Arizona, Dept Neurol, Tucson, AZ USA
Testai, FD:
Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Neurol & Rehabil, Chicago, IL USA
Kittner, SJ:
Baltimore Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD USA
Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
Deary, LJ:
Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Cognit Ageing & Cognit Epidemiol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Samarasekera, N:
Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Clin Brain Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Salman, RAS:
Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Clin Brain Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Sudlow, CL:
Univ Edinburgh, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & Informat, Med Informat Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Klijn, CJM:
Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Dept Neurol, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Utrecht, Netherlands
van Nieuwenhuizen, KM:
Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Dept Neurol, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Utrecht, Netherlands
Delgado, P:
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Vall dHebron, Inst Recerca, Neurovasc Res Lab, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Vall dHebron, Inst Recerca, Neurovasc Unit, Barcelona, Spain
Lindgren, A:
Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Neurol, Lund, Sweden
Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol & Rehabil, Lund, Sweden
Univ Hosp Lund, Steering Comm, Sci Comm, Lund, Sweden
Goldstein, JN:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Viswanathan, A:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Greenberg, SM:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Falcone, GJ:
Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Div Neurocrit Care & Emergency Neurol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
Yale Univ, Yale Sch Med, Ctr Neuroepidemiol & Clin Neurol Res, New Haven, CT USA
Langefeld, CD:
Wake Forest Univ, Ctr Publ Hlth Genom, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA
Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biostat Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA
Anderson, CD:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Genom Med, 185 Cambridge St CPZN 6818, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Broad Inst, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA USA
Smoller, S:
Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA
Sorkin, J:
Baltimore VA Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA
Wang, XW:
Beijing Hypertens League Inst, Beijing, Peoples R China
Selim, M:
Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Stroke Div, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Pikula, A:
Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Wolf, P:
Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Debette, S:
Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Seshadri, S:
Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA
de Bakker, P:
Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Chasman, D:
Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Rexrode, K:
Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Chen, I:
Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
Rotter, J:
Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
Luke, M:
Celera, Alameda, CA USA
Sale, M:
Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
Lee, TH:
Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Linkou Med Ctr, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Chang, KC:
Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Chang Gung Univ, Coll Med, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Elkind, M:
Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA
Goldstein, L:
Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA
James, M:
Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA
Breteler, M:
Erasmus Univ, Rotterdam, Netherlands
O'Donnell, C:
Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA
Carty, C:
Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1124 Columbia St, Seattle, WA 98104 USA
Kidwell, C:
Univ Arizona, Dept Neurol, Tucson, AZ USA
Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA
Olesen, J:
Glostrup Cty Hosp, Glostrup, Denmark
Sharma, P:
Hammersmith Hosp, London, England
Imperial Coll London, London, England
Rich, S:
Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Charlottesville, VA USA
Tatlisumak, T:
Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Helsinki, Finland
Happola, O:
Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Helsinki, Finland
Bijlenga, P:
Hop Univ Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland
Soriano, C:
Hosp del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
Roquer, J:
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Hosp del Mar Invest Med, Neurovasc Res Unit, Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain
Hosp del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
Jimenez-Conde, J:
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Hosp del Mar Invest Med, Neurovasc Res Unit, Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain
Hosp del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
Cotlarcius, L:
Imperial Coll London, London, England
Hardy, J:
UCL, Inst Neurol, London, England
Korostynski, M:
Inst Pharmacol, Krakow, Poland
Boncoraglio, G:
IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
Ballabio, E:
IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
Parati, E:
IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
Mateusz, A:
Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland
Urbanik, A:
Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Krakow, Poland
Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland
Dziedzic, T:
Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland
Jagiella, J:
Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Krakow, Poland
Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland
Gasowski, J:
Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland
Wnuk, M:
Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland
Olszanecki, R:
Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland
Pera, J:
Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Krakow, Poland
Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland
Slowik, A:
Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Krakow, Poland
Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland
Juchniewicz, KJ:
Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland
Levi, C:
Univ Newcastle, John Hunter Hosp, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
Nyquist, P:
Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Sci Comm, Baltimore, MD USA
Cendes, I:
Joinville Biobank, Joinville, SC, Brazil
Cabral, N:
Joinville Biobank, Joinville, SC, Brazil
Franca, P:
Joinville Biobank, Joinville, SC, Brazil
Goncalves, A:
Joinville Biobank, Joinville, SC, Brazil
Keller, L:
Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden
Crisby, M:
Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden
Kostulas, K:
Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden
Karolinska Univ Hosp, Huddinge Unit, Huddinge, Sweden
Lennnnens, R:
KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
Opherk, C:
Ludwig Maxinnilians Univ Munchen, Munich, Germany
Duering, M:
Ludwig Maxinnilians Univ Munchen, Munich, Germany
Dichgans, M:
Ludwig Maxinnilians Univ Munchen, Munich, Germany
Malik, R:
Ludwig Maxinnilians Univ Munchen, Munich, Germany
Gonik, M:
Ludwig Maxinnilians Univ Munchen, Munich, Germany
Staals, J:
Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, Maastricht, Netherlands
Melander, O:
Malmo Univ Hosp, Lund, Sweden
Burri, P:
Malmo Univ Hosp, Lund, Sweden
Sadr-Nabavi, A:
Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran
Romero, J:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Biffi, A:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Behav Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Anderson, C:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Genom Med, 185 Cambridge St CPZN 6818, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Broad Inst, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA USA
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Falcone, G:
Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Div Neurocrit Care & Emergency Neurol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
Yale Univ, Yale Sch Med, Ctr Neuroepidemiol & Clin Neurol Res, New Haven, CT USA
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Brouwers, B:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Rosand, J:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Genom Med, 185 Cambridge St CPZN 6818, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Broad Inst, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA USA
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Rost, N:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Du, R:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Kourkoulis, C:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Battey, T:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Lubitz, S:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Mueller-Myhsok, B:
Max Planck Inst Psychiat, Munich, Germany
Meschia, J:
Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
Mayo Clin, Steering Comm, Rochester, MN USA
Brott, T:
Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA
Pare, G:
McMaster Univ, Steering Comm, Sci Comm, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Pichler, A:
Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Krakow, Poland
Med Univ Graz, Graz, Austria
Enzinger, C:
Med Univ Graz, Dept Neurol, Graz, Austria
Med Univ Graz, Graz, Austria
Schmidt, H:
Med Univ Graz, Graz, Austria
Schmidt, R:
Med Univ Graz, Dept Neurol, Graz, Austria
Med Univ Graz, Graz, Austria
Seiler, S:
Med Univ Graz, Graz, Austria
Blanton, S:
Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami Inst Human Genom, Miami, FL 33136 USA
Yamada, Y:
Mie Univ, Tsu, Mie, Japan
Bersano, A:
Milan Univ, Milan, Italy
Rundek, T:
Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA
Sacco, R:
Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA
Chan, YFY:
Mt Sinai Med Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA
Gschwendtner, A:
Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Munich, Germany
Deng, Z:
Southern Med Univ, Nanfang Hosp, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China
Barr, T:
NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
Gwinn, K:
NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
Corriveau, R:
NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
Singleton, A:
NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
Waddy, S:
NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
Launer, L:
NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
Chen, C:
Singapore Gen Hosp, Natl Neurosci Inst, Singapore, Singapore
Le, KE:
Singapore Gen Hosp, Natl Neurosci Inst, Singapore, Singapore
Lee, WL:
Singapore Gen Hosp, Natl Neurosci Inst, Singapore, Singapore
Tan, EK:
Singapore Gen Hosp, Natl Neurosci Inst, Singapore, Singapore
Olugbodi, A:
Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Ife, Nigeria
Rothwell, P:
Radcliffe Infirm, Oxford, England
Mok, V:
Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Prince Wales Hosp, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Jem, C:
Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sci Comm, Gothenburg, Sweden
Jood, K:
Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Gothenburg, Sweden
Olsson, S:
Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Gothenburg, Sweden
Kim, H:
San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
Ctr Cerebrovasc Res, San Francisco, CA USA
Lee, C:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Soongsil Univ, Seoul, South Korea
Kilarski, L:
St Georges Univ London, London, England
Markus, H:
St Georges Univ London, London, England
Peycke, J:
St Georges Univ London, London, England
Bevan, S:
St Georges Univ London, London, England
Sheu, W:
Taichung Vet Gen Hosp, Taichung, Taiwan
Chiou, HY:
Taipei Med Univ, Taipei, Taiwan
Chern, J:
Taipei Med Univ, Taipei, Taiwan
Giraldo, E:
Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
Taqi, M:
Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
Jain, V:
UC Irvine, Med Ctr, Irvine, CA USA
Lam, O:
Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Howard, G:
Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
Woo, D:
Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Neurol & Rehabil Med, Cincinnati, OH USA
Univ Cincinnati, Steering Comm, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
Kittner, S:
Baltimore Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD USA
Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
Univ Maryland Hosp, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
Mitchell, B:
Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
Cole, J:
Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
O'Connell, J:
Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
Milewicz, D:
Univ Texas Med Sch, Houston, TX USA
Illoh, K:
Univ Texas Houston, Houston, TX USA
Worrall, B:
Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Dept Neurol & Publ Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA
Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Charlottesville, VA USA
Stine, C:
Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
Karaszewski, B:
UCL, London, England
Werring, D:
UCL, London, England
Sofat, R:
UCL, London, England
Smalley, J:
UCL, London, England
Lindgren, A:
Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Neurol, Lund, Sweden
Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol & Rehabil, Lund, Sweden
Univ Hosp Lund, Steering Comm, Sci Comm, Lund, Sweden
Hansen, B:
Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Neurol, Lund, Sweden
Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol & Rehabil, Lund, Sweden
Univ Hosp Lund, Lund, Sweden
Norrving, B:
Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Neurol, Lund, Sweden
Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol & Rehabil, Lund, Sweden
Univ Hosp Lund, Lund, Sweden
Smith, G:
Univ Hosp Lund, Lund, Sweden
Martin, JJ:
Univ Hosp Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina
Thijs, V:
Univ Hosp Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Klijn, K:
Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
van't Hof, F:
Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
Algra, A:
Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
Macleod, M:
Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
Perry, R:
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
Arnett, D:
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
Pezzini, A:
Univ Brescia, Dept Clin & Expt Sci, Neurol Clin, Brescia, Italy
Univ Brescia, Brescia, Italy
Padovani, A:
Univ Brescia, Brescia, Italy
Cramer, S:
Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA
Fisher, M:
Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA
Saleheen, D:
Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Broderick, J:
Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
Kissela, B:
Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
Doney, A:
Univ Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
Sudlow, C:
Univ Edinburgh, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & Informat, Med Informat Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Western Gen Hosp, Steering Comm, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Rannikmae, K:
Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Clin Brain Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Western Gen Hosp, Steering Comm, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Silliman, S:
Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
McDonough, C:
Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Walters, M:
Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland
Pedersen, A:
Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Nakagawa, K:
Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
Chang, C:
Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
Dobbins, M:
Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
McArdle, P:
Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
Chang, YC:
Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
Brown, R:
Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Brown, D:
Univ Michigan, Cardiovasc Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Holliday, E:
Univ Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
Kalaria, R:
Univ Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
Maguire, J:
Univ Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
John Hunter Hosp, Steering Comm, New Lambton Hts, NSW, Australia
Attia, J:
Univ Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
John Hunter Hosp, New Lambton Hts, NSW, Australia
Farrall, M:
Univ Oxford, Oxford, England
Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford, England
Giese, AK:
Univ Rostock, Rostock, Germany
Fomage, M:
Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sci Comm, Houston, TX 77030 USA
Majersik, J:
Univ Utah, Sci Comm, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
Cushman, M:
Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
Fletcher Allen Hlth Care, Burlington, VT USA
Keene, K:
Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
Bennett, S:
Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Tirschwell, D:
Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Stroke Ctr, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA
Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Psaty, B:
Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Reiner, A:
Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Longstreth, W:
Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA
Spence, D:
Univ Western Ontario, Robarts Res Inst, London, ON, Canada
Montaner, J:
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Vall dHebron, Inst Recerca, Neurovasc Res Lab, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Vall dHebron, Inst Recerca, Neurovasc Unit, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Inst Biomed Seville,IBiS, Seville, Spain
Hosp Univ Virgen Macarena, Dept Neurol, Seville, Spain
Vall dHebron Hosp, Barcelona, Spain
Fernandez-Cadenas, I:
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Vall dHebron, Inst Recerca, Neurovasc Res Lab, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Vall dHebron, Inst Recerca, Neurovasc Unit, Barcelona, Spain
Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, St Pau Inst Res, Stroke Pharmacogen & Genet, Barcelona, Spain
Vall dHebron Hosp, Steering Comm, Barcelona, Spain
Langefeld, C:
Wake Forest Univ, Ctr Publ Hlth Genom, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA
Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biostat Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA
Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA
Bushnell, C:
Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC USA
Heitsch, L:
Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
Lee, JM:
Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
Sheth, K:
Yale Sch Med, Yale New Haven Hosp, New Haven, CT USA
Green Published, Hybrid Gold
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