Exosome release and cargo in Down syndrome
Por:
Hamlett, ED, LaRosa, A, Mufson, EJ, Fortea, J, Ledreux, A, Granholm, AC
Publicada:
1 ago 2019
Ahead of Print:
1 ago 2019
Resumen:
Down syndrome (DS) is a multisystem disorder affecting 1 in 800 births worldwide. Advancing technology, medical treatment, and social intervention have dramatically increased life expectancy, yet there are many etiologies of this disorder that are in need of further research. The advent of the ability to capture extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood from specific cell types allows for the investigation of novel intracellular processes. Exosomes are one type of EVs that have demonstrated great potential in uncovering new biomarkers of neurodegeneration and disease, and also that appear to be intricately involved in the transsynaptic spread of pathogenic factors underlying Alzheimer's disease and other neurological diseases. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles, generated in endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and secreted by most cells in the body. Since exosomes are important mediators of intercellular communication and genetic exchange, they have emerged as a major research focus and have revealed novel biological sequelae involved in conditions afflicting the DS population. This review summarizes current knowledge on exosome biology in individuals with DS, both early in life and in aging individuals. Collectively these studies have demonstrated that complex multicellular processes underlying DS etiologies may include abnormal formation and secretion of extracellular vesicles such as exosomes.
Filiaciones:
Hamlett, ED:
Med Univ South Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 171 Ashley Ave,MSC908, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
LaRosa, A:
Med Univ South Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
Mufson, EJ:
Barrow Neurol Inst, Dept Neurobiol & Neurol, Phoenix, AZ 85013 USA
Fortea, J:
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Santa Creu & St Pau, Biomed Res Inst St Pau, Memory Unit,Dept Neurol,CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi i Sunyer, Alzheimers Dis & Other Cognit Disorders Unit, Dept Neurol,Hosp Clin, Barcelona, Spain
Ledreux, A:
Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA
Univ Denver, Knoebel Inst Hlth Aging, Denver, CO USA
Granholm, AC:
Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA
Univ Denver, Knoebel Inst Hlth Aging, Denver, CO USA
Green Accepted
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