Moving beyond neurons: the role of cell type-specific gene regulation in Parkinson's disease heritability


Por: Reynolds, RH, Botia, J, Nalls, MA, Hardy, J, Taliun, SAG, Ryten, M, Noyce, AJ, Nicolas, A, Cookson, MR, Bandres-Ciga, S, Gibbs, JR, Hernandez, DG, Singleton, AB, Reed, X, Leonard, H, Blauwendraat, C, Faghri, F, Bras, J, Guerreiro, R, Tucci, A, Kia, DA, Houlden, H, Plun-Favreau, H, Mok, KY, Wood, NW, Lovering, R, R'Bibo, L, Rizig, M, Chelban, V, Trabzuni, D, Tan, M, Morris, HR, Middlehurst, B, Quinn, J, Billingsley, K, Holmans, P, Kinghorn, KJ, Lewis, P, Escott-Price, V, Williams, N, Foltynie, T, Brice, A, Danjou, F, Lesage, S, Corvol, JC, Martinez, M, Giri, A, Schulte, C, Brockmann, K, Simon-Sanchez, J, Heutink, P, Gasser, T, Rizzu, P, Sharma, M, Shulman, JM, Robak, L, Lubbe, S, Mencacci, NE, Finkbeiner, S, Lungu, C, Scholz, SW, Gan-Or, Z, Rouleau, GA, Krohan, L, van Hilten, JJ, Marinus, J, Adarmes-Gomez, AD, Bernal-Bernal, I, Bonilla-Toribio, M, Buiza-Rueda, D, Carrillo, F, Carrion-Claro, M, Mir, P, Gomez-Garre, P, Jesus, S, Labrador-Espinosa, MA, Macias, D, Vargas-Gonzalez, L, Mendez-del-Barrio, C, Perinan-Tocino, T, Tejera-Parrado, C, Diez-Fairen, M, Aguilar, M, Alvarez, I, Boungiorno, MT, Carcel, M, Pastor, P, Tartari, JP, Alvarez, V, Gonzalez, MM, Blazquez, M, Garcia, C, Suarez-Sanmartin, E, Barrero, FJ, Rezola, EM, Yarza, JAB, Pagola, AG, Arregui, ALD, Ruiz-Martinez, J, Cerdan, D, Duarte, J, Clarimon, J, Dols-Icardo, O, Infante, J, Marin, J, Kulisevsky, J, Pagonabarraga, J, Gonzalez-Aramburu, I, Rodriguez, AS, Sierra, M, Duran, R, Ruz, C, Vives, F, Escamilla-Sevilla, F, Minguez, A, Camara, A, Compta, Y, Ezquerra, M, Marti, MJ, Fernandez, M, Munoz, E, Fernandez-Santiago, R, Tolosa, E, Valldeoriola, F, Garcia-Ruiz, P, Heredia, MJG, Errazquin, FP, Hoenicka, J, Jimenez-Escrig, A, Martinez-Castrillo, JC, Lopez-Sendon, JL, Torres, IM, Tabernero, C, Vela, L, Zimprich, A, Pihlstrom, L, Koks, S, Taba, P, Majamaa, K, Siitonen, A, Okubadejo, NU, Ojo, OO, Pitcher, T, Anderson, T, Bentley, S, Fowdar, J, Mellick, G, Dalrymple-Alford, J, Henders, AK, Kassam, I, Montgomery, G, Sidorenko, J, Zhang, FT, Xue, AL, Vallerga, CL, Wallace, L, Wray, NR, Yang, J, Visscher, PM, Gratten, J, Silburn, PA, Halliday, G, Hickie, I, Kwok, J, Lewis, S, Kennedy, M, Pearson, J

Publicada: 17 abr 2019
Resumen:
Parkinson's disease (PD), with its characteristic loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and deposition of a-synuclein in neurons, is often considered a neuronal disorder. However, in recent years substantial evidence has emerged to implicate glial cell types, such as astrocytes and microglia. In this study, we used stratified LD score regression and expression-weighted cell-type enrichment together with several brain-related and cell-type-specific genomic annotations to connect human genomic PD findings to specific brain cell types. We found that PD heritability attributable to common variation does not enrich in global and regional brain annotations or brain-related cell-type-specific annotations. Likewise, we found no enrichment of PD susceptibility genes in brain-related cell types. In contrast, we demonstrated a significant enrichment of PD heritability in a curated lysosomal gene set highly expressed in astrocytic, microglial, and oligodendrocyte subtypes, and in LoF-intolerant genes, which were found highly expressed in almost all tested cellular subtypes. Our results suggest that PD risk loci do not lie in specific cell types or individual brain regions, but rather in global cellular processes detectable across several cell types.

Filiaciones:
Reynolds, RH:
 UCL, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Inst Neurol, London, England

Botia, J:
 UCL, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Inst Neurol, London, England

 Univ Murcia, Dept Ingn Informat & Comunicac, Murcia, Spain

Nalls, MA:
 NIH, Lab Neurogenet, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

 Data Tecn Int, Glen Echo, MD USA

Hardy, J:
 UCL, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Inst Neurol, London, England

 UCL, UK Dementia Res Inst, London, England

Taliun, SAG:
 Univ Michigan, Ctr Stat Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

 Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

Ryten, M:
 UCL, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Inst Neurol, London, England

Noyce, AJ:
 UCL, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Inst Neurol, London, England

 QMUL, Wolfson Inst Prevent Med, Prevent Neurol Unit, London, England

Nicolas, A:
 NIH, Lab Neurogenet, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Cookson, MR:
 NIH, Lab Neurogenet, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Bandres-Ciga, S:
 NIH, Lab Neurogenet, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Gibbs, JR:
 NIH, Lab Neurogenet, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Hernandez, DG:
 NIH, Lab Neurogenet, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Singleton, AB:
 NIH, Lab Neurogenet, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Reed, X:
 NIH, Lab Neurogenet, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Leonard, H:
 NIH, Lab Neurogenet, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Blauwendraat, C:
 NIH, Lab Neurogenet, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

 NINDS, Bldg 36,Rm 4D04, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Faghri, F:
 NIH, Lab Neurogenet, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

 Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL USA

Bras, J:
 UCL, UK Dementia Res Inst, London, England

 UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England

Guerreiro, R:
 UCL, UK Dementia Res Inst, London, England

 UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England

Tucci, A:
 UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England

Kia, DA:
 UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England

Houlden, H:
 UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England

Plun-Favreau, H:
 UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England

Mok, KY:
 UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England

Wood, NW:
 UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England

Lovering, R:
 UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England

R'Bibo, L:
 UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England

Rizig, M:
 UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England

Chelban, V:
 UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England

Trabzuni, D:
 UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England

 King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Genet, Riyadh 1121, Saudi Arabia

Tan, M:
 UCL, Dept Clin Neurosci, London, England

Morris, HR:
 UCL, Dept Clin Neurosci, London, England

Middlehurst, B:
 Univ Liverpool, Inst Translat Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England

Quinn, J:
 Univ Liverpool, Inst Translat Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England

Billingsley, K:
 Univ Liverpool, Inst Translat Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England

Holmans, P:
 MRC Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Inst Psychol Med & Clin Neurosci, Biostat & Bioinformat Unit, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales

Kinghorn, KJ:
 UCL, Inst Hlth Ageing, London, England

Lewis, P:
 Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England

Escott-Price, V:
 Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, MRC Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales

Williams, N:
 Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, MRC Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales

Foltynie, T:
 UCL Inst Neurol, London, England

Brice, A:
 UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, AP HP,ICM,Inserm U 1127,CNRS,UMR 7225, Pitie Salpetriere Hosp,Inst Cerveau & Moelle Epin, Paris, France

Danjou, F:
 UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, AP HP,ICM,Inserm U 1127,CNRS,UMR 7225, Pitie Salpetriere Hosp,Inst Cerveau & Moelle Epin, Paris, France

Lesage, S:
 UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, AP HP,ICM,Inserm U 1127,CNRS,UMR 7225, Pitie Salpetriere Hosp,Inst Cerveau & Moelle Epin, Paris, France

Corvol, JC:
 UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, AP HP,ICM,Inserm U 1127,CNRS,UMR 7225, Pitie Salpetriere Hosp,Inst Cerveau & Moelle Epin, Paris, France

Martinez, M:
 UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, AP HP,ICM,Inserm U 1127,CNRS,UMR 7225, Pitie Salpetriere Hosp,Inst Cerveau & Moelle Epin, Paris, France

 Paul Sabatier Univ, Toulouse, France

Giri, A:
 Univ Tubingen, Hertie Inst Clin Brain Res, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Tubingen, Germany

 German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, DZNE, Tubingen, Germany

Schulte, C:
 Univ Tubingen, Hertie Inst Clin Brain Res, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Tubingen, Germany

 German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, DZNE, Tubingen, Germany

Brockmann, K:
 Univ Tubingen, Hertie Inst Clin Brain Res, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Tubingen, Germany

 German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, DZNE, Tubingen, Germany

Simon-Sanchez, J:
 Univ Tubingen, Hertie Inst Clin Brain Res, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Tubingen, Germany

 German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, DZNE, Tubingen, Germany

Heutink, P:
 Univ Tubingen, Hertie Inst Clin Brain Res, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Tubingen, Germany

 German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, DZNE, Tubingen, Germany

Gasser, T:
 Univ Tubingen, Hertie Inst Clin Brain Res, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Tubingen, Germany

 German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, DZNE, Tubingen, Germany

Rizzu, P:
 German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, DZNE, Tubingen, Germany

Sharma, M:
 Univ Tubingen, Inst Clin Epidemiol & Appl Biometry, Ctr Genet Epidemiol, Tubingen, Germany

Shulman, JM:
 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA

 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA

 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA

 Texas Childrens Hosp, Jan & Dan Duncan Neurol Res Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA

Robak, L:
 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA

 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA

 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA

Lubbe, S:
 Northwestern Univ, Ken & Ruth Davee Dept Neurol, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA

Mencacci, NE:
 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA

Finkbeiner, S:
 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA

 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Physiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA

 Taube Koret Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis Res, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA USA

Lungu, C:
 NINDS, NIH, Div Clin Res, Bldg 36,Rm 4D04, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Scholz, SW:
 NINDS, Neurodegenerat Dis Res Unit, Bldg 36,Rm 4D04, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Gan-Or, Z:
 McGill Univ, Dept Human Genet, Montreal Neurol Inst & Hosp, Dept Neurol, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada

 McGill Univ, Dept Human Genet, Montreal Neurol Inst & Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada

Rouleau, GA:
 McGill Univ, Dept Human Genet, Montreal Neurol Inst & Hosp, Dept Neurol, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada

 McGill Univ, Dept Human Genet, Montreal Neurol Inst & Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada

Krohan, L:
 McGill Univ, Dept Human Genet, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada

van Hilten, JJ:
 Leiden Univ, Dept Neurol, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands

Marinus, J:
 Leiden Univ, Dept Neurol, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands

Adarmes-Gomez, AD:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Bernal-Bernal, I:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Bonilla-Toribio, M:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Buiza-Rueda, D:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Carrillo, F:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Carrion-Claro, M:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Mir, P:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Gomez-Garre, P:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Jesus, S:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Labrador-Espinosa, MA:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Macias, D:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Vargas-Gonzalez, L:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Mendez-del-Barrio, C:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Perinan-Tocino, T:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Tejera-Parrado, C:
 Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville, Spain

Diez-Fairen, M:
 Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Dept Neurol, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain

 Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Dept Neurol, Movement Disorders Unit, Barcelona, Spain

Aguilar, M:
 Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Dept Neurol, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain

 Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Dept Neurol, Movement Disorders Unit, Barcelona, Spain

Alvarez, I:
 Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Dept Neurol, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain

 Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Dept Neurol, Movement Disorders Unit, Barcelona, Spain

Boungiorno, MT:
 Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Dept Neurol, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain

 Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Dept Neurol, Movement Disorders Unit, Barcelona, Spain

Carcel, M:
 Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Dept Neurol, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain

 Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Dept Neurol, Movement Disorders Unit, Barcelona, Spain

Pastor, P:
 Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Dept Neurol, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain

 Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Dept Neurol, Movement Disorders Unit, Barcelona, Spain

Tartari, JP:
 Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Dept Neurol, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain

 Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Dept Neurol, Movement Disorders Unit, Barcelona, Spain

Alvarez, V:
 Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

Gonzalez, MM:
 Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

Blazquez, M:
 Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

Garcia, C:
 Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

Suarez-Sanmartin, E:
 Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

Barrero, FJ:
 Hosp Univ Parque Tecnol Salud, Granada, Spain

Rezola, EM:
 Inst Invest Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain

Yarza, JAB:
 Inst Invest Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain

Pagola, AG:
 Inst Invest Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain

Arregui, ALD:
 Inst Invest Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain

Ruiz-Martinez, J:
 Inst Invest Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain

Cerdan, D:
 Hosp Gen Segovia, Segovia, Spain

Duarte, J:
 Hosp Gen Segovia, Segovia, Spain

Clarimon, J:
 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Santa Creu & St Pau, IIB St Pau, Memory Unit,Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain

 Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain

Dols-Icardo, O:
 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Santa Creu & St Pau, IIB St Pau, Memory Unit,Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain

 Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain

Infante, J:
 Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain

 Hosp Univ Marques Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain

 Univ Cantabria, Santander, Spain

Marin, J:
 Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain

 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Santa Creu & St Pau, IIB St Pau, Movement Disorders Unit,Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain

Kulisevsky, J:
 Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain

 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Santa Creu & St Pau, IIB St Pau, Movement Disorders Unit,Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain

Pagonabarraga, J:
 Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain

 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Santa Creu & St Pau, IIB St Pau, Movement Disorders Unit,Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain

Gonzalez-Aramburu, I:
 Hosp Univ Marques Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain

Rodriguez, AS:
 Hosp Univ Marques Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain

Sierra, M:
 Hosp Univ Marques Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain

Duran, R:
 Univ Granada, Ctr Invest Biomed, Granada, Spain

Ruz, C:
 Univ Granada, Ctr Invest Biomed, Granada, Spain

Vives, F:
 Univ Granada, Ctr Invest Biomed, Granada, Spain

Escamilla-Sevilla, F:
 Hosp Univ Virgen Nieves, Inst Invest Biosanitaria Granada, Granada, Spain

Minguez, A:
 Hosp Univ Virgen Nieves, Inst Invest Biosanitaria Granada, Granada, Spain

Camara, A:
 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Compta, Y:
 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Ezquerra, M:
 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Marti, MJ:
 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Fernandez, M:
 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Munoz, E:
 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Fernandez-Santiago, R:
 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Tolosa, E:
 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Valldeoriola, F:
 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Garcia-Ruiz, P:
 Inst Invest Sanitaria Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain

Heredia, MJG:
 Hosp Univ Virgen Victoria, Malaga, Spain

Errazquin, FP:
 Hosp Univ Virgen Victoria, Malaga, Spain

Hoenicka, J:
 Inst Recerca St Joan Deu, Barcelona, Spain

Jimenez-Escrig, A:
 Hosp Univ Ramon & Cajal, Madrid, Spain

Martinez-Castrillo, JC:
 Hosp Univ Ramon & Cajal, Madrid, Spain

Lopez-Sendon, JL:
 Hosp Univ Ramon & Cajal, Madrid, Spain

Torres, IM:
 Hosp Univ & Politecn La Fe, Inst Invest Sanitaria La Fe, Dept Neurol, Valencia, Spain

Tabernero, C:
 Hosp Gen Segovia, Segovia, Spain

Vela, L:
 Hosp Univ Fdn Alcorcon, Dept Neurol, Madrid, Spain

Zimprich, A:
 Med Univ Vienna, Dept Neurol, Vienna, Austria

Pihlstrom, L:
 Oslo Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Oslo, Norway

Koks, S:
 Univ Tartu, Dept Pathophysiol, Tartu, Estonia

 Estonian Univ Life Sci, Dept Reprod Biol, Tartu, Estonia

 Perron Inst Neurol & Translat Sci, Perth, WA, Australia

Taba, P:
 Univ Tartu, Dept Neurol, Tartu, Estonia

 Univ Tartu, Dept Neurosurg, Tartu, Estonia

Majamaa, K:
 Univ Oulu, Dept Neurol, Inst Clin Med, Oulu, Finland

 Oulu Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Oulu, Finland

 Oulu Univ Hosp, Med Res Ctr, Oulu, Finland

Siitonen, A:
 Univ Oulu, Dept Neurol, Inst Clin Med, Oulu, Finland

 Oulu Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Oulu, Finland

 Oulu Univ Hosp, Med Res Ctr, Oulu, Finland

Okubadejo, NU:
 Univ Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria

Ojo, OO:
 Univ Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria

Pitcher, T:
 New Zealand Brain Res Inst, Christchurch, New Zealand

 Univ Otago, Dept Med, Christchurch, New Zealand

Anderson, T:
 New Zealand Brain Res Inst, Christchurch, New Zealand

 Univ Otago, Dept Med, Christchurch, New Zealand

Bentley, S:
 Griffith Univ, Griffith Inst Drug Discovery, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Fowdar, J:
 Griffith Univ, Griffith Inst Drug Discovery, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Mellick, G:
 Griffith Univ, Griffith Inst Drug Discovery, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Dalrymple-Alford, J:
 Univ Canterbury, New Zealand Brain Res Inst, Dept Psychol, Christchurch, New Zealand

Henders, AK:
 Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Kassam, I:
 Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Montgomery, G:
 Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Sidorenko, J:
 Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Zhang, FT:
 Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Xue, AL:
 Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Vallerga, CL:
 Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Wallace, L:
 Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Wray, NR:
 Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

 Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Yang, J:
 Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

 Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Visscher, PM:
 Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

 Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Gratten, J:
 Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

 Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Silburn, PA:
 Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Halliday, G:
 Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Brain & Mind Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Hickie, I:
 Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Brain & Mind Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Kwok, J:
 Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Brain & Mind Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Lewis, S:
 Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Brain & Mind Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Kennedy, M:
 Univ Otago, Dept Pathol, Christchurch, New Zealand

Pearson, J:
 Univ Otago, Dept Pathol, Christchurch, New Zealand
ISSN: 23738057
Editorial
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, Alemania
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 5 Número:
Páginas:
WOS Id: 000466759500001
ID de PubMed: 31016231
imagen Gold, Green Published

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