The Genetic Architecture of Parkinson Disease in Spain: Characterizing Population-Specific Risk, Differential Haplotype Structures, and Providing Etiologic Insight
Por:
Bandres-Ciga, S, Ahmed, S, Sabir, MS, Blauwendraat, C, Adarmes-Gomez, AD, Bernal-Bernal, I, Bonilla-Toribio, M, Buiza-Rueda, D, Carrillo, F, Carrion-Claro, M, Gomez-Garre, P, Jesus, S, Labrador-Espinosa, MA, Macias, D, Mendez-del-Barrio, C, Perinan-Tocino, T, Tejera-Parrado, C, Vargas-Gonzalez, L, Diez-Fairen, M, Alvarez, I, Tartari, JP, Buongiorno, M, Aguilar, M, Gorostidi, A, Bergareche, JA, Mondragon, E, Vinagre-Aragon, A, Croitoru, I, Ruiz-Martinez, J, Dols-Icardo, O, Kulisevsky, J, Marin-Lahoz, J, Pagonabarraga, J, Pascual-Sedano, B, Ezquerra, M, Camara, A, Compta, Y, Fernandez, M, Fernandez-Santiago, R, Munoz, E, Tolosa, E, Valldeoriola, F, Gonzalez-Aramburu, I, Rodriguez, AS, Sierra, M, Menendez-Gonzalez, M, Blazquez, M, Garcia, C, Martin, ESS, Garcia-Ruiz, P, Martinez-Castrillo, JC, Vela-Desojo, L, Ruz, C, Barrero, FJ, Escamilla-Sevilla, F, Minguez-Castellanos, A, Cerdan, D, Tabernero, C, Heredia, MJG, Errazquin, FP, Romero-Acebal, M, Feliz, C, Lopez-Sendon, JL, Mata, M, Torres, IM, Kim, JJ, Dalgard, CL, Brooks, J, Saez-Atienzar, S, Gibbs, JR, Jorda, R, Botia, JA, Bonet-Ponce, L, Morrison, KE, Clarke, C, Tan, M, Morris, H, Edsall, C, Hernandez, D, Simon-Sanchez, J, Nalls, MA, Scholz, SW, Jimenez-Escrig, A, Duarte, J, Vives, F, Duran, R, Hoenicka, J, Alvarez, V, Infante, J, Marti, MJ, Clarimon, J, de Munain, AL, Pastor, P, Mir, P, Singleton, A
Publicada:
1 dic 2019
Ahead of Print:
1 oct 2019
Resumen:
Background The Iberian Peninsula stands out as having variable levels of population admixture and isolation, making Spain an interesting setting for studying the genetic architecture of neurodegenerative diseases. Objectives To perform the largest PD genome-wide association study restricted to a single country. Methods We performed a GWAS for both risk of PD and age at onset in 7,849 Spanish individuals. Further analyses included population-specific risk haplotype assessments, polygenic risk scoring through machine learning, Mendelian randomization of expression, and methylation data to gain insight into disease-associated loci, heritability estimates, genetic correlations, and burden analyses. Results We identified a novel population-specific genome-wide association study signal at PARK2 associated with age at onset, which was likely dependent on the c.155delA mutation. We replicated four genome-wide independent signals associated with PD risk, including SNCA, LRRK2, KANSL1/MAPT, and HLA-DQB1. A significant trend for smaller risk haplotypes at known loci was found compared to similar studies of non-Spanish origin. Seventeen PD-related genes showed functional consequence by two-sample Mendelian randomization in expression and methylation data sets. Long runs of homozygosity at 28 known genes/loci were found to be enriched in cases versus controls. Conclusions Our data demonstrate the utility of the Spanish risk haplotype substructure for future fine-mapping efforts, showing how leveraging unique and diverse population histories can benefit genetic studies of complex diseases. The present study points to PARK2 as a major hallmark of PD etiology in Spain. (c) 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Filiaciones:
Bandres-Ciga, S:
NIA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Inst Invest Biosanitaria Granada Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain
Ahmed, S:
NIA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
NINCDS, Neurodegenerat Dis Res Unit, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Sabir, MS:
NIA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
NINCDS, Neurodegenerat Dis Res Unit, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Blauwendraat, C:
NIA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Adarmes-Gomez, AD:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Bernal-Bernal, I:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Bonilla-Toribio, M:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Buiza-Rueda, D:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Carrillo, F:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Carrion-Claro, M:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Gomez-Garre, P:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Jesus, S:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Labrador-Espinosa, MA:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Macias, D:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Mendez-del-Barrio, C:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Perinan-Tocino, T:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Tejera-Parrado, C:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Vargas-Gonzalez, L:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Diez-Fairen, M:
Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Movement Disorders Unit, Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain
Alvarez, I:
Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Movement Disorders Unit, Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain
Tartari, JP:
Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Movement Disorders Unit, Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain
Buongiorno, M:
Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Movement Disorders Unit, Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain
Aguilar, M:
Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Movement Disorders Unit, Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain
Gorostidi, A:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Neurodegenerat Disorders Area, San Sebastian, Spain
Inst Invest Biodonostia, Plataforma Genom, San Sebastian, Spain
Bergareche, JA:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Neurodegenerat Disorders Area, San Sebastian, Spain
Hosp Univ Donostia, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento, Dept Neurol, San Sebastian, Spain
Mondragon, E:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Neurodegenerat Disorders Area, San Sebastian, Spain
Hosp Univ Donostia, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento, Dept Neurol, San Sebastian, Spain
Vinagre-Aragon, A:
Hosp Univ Donostia, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento, Dept Neurol, San Sebastian, Spain
Croitoru, I:
Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Neurodegenerat Disorders Area, San Sebastian, Spain
Ruiz-Martinez, J:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Neurodegenerat Disorders Area, San Sebastian, Spain
Hosp Univ Donostia, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento, Dept Neurol, San Sebastian, Spain
Dols-Icardo, O:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
IIB St Pau, Genet Neurodegenerat Disorders Unit, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Kulisevsky, J:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Movement Disorders Unit, Dept Neurol, St Pau Hosp, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Marin-Lahoz, J:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Movement Disorders Unit, Dept Neurol, St Pau Hosp, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Pagonabarraga, J:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Movement Disorders Unit, Dept Neurol, St Pau Hosp, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Pascual-Sedano, B:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Movement Disorders Unit, Dept Neurol, St Pau Hosp, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Ezquerra, M:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
IDIBAPS Inst Invest Biomed, Lab Parkinson Dis & Other Neurodegenerat Movement, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Unitat Parkinson & Trastorns Moviment, Serv Neurol,Hosp Clin Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Inst Neurociencies, Catalonia, Spain
Camara, A:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
IDIBAPS Inst Invest Biomed, Lab Parkinson Dis & Other Neurodegenerat Movement, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Unitat Parkinson & Trastorns Moviment, Serv Neurol,Hosp Clin Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Inst Neurociencies, Catalonia, Spain
Compta, Y:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
IDIBAPS Inst Invest Biomed, Lab Parkinson Dis & Other Neurodegenerat Movement, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Unitat Parkinson & Trastorns Moviment, Serv Neurol,Hosp Clin Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Inst Neurociencies, Catalonia, Spain
Fernandez, M:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
IDIBAPS Inst Invest Biomed, Lab Parkinson Dis & Other Neurodegenerat Movement, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Unitat Parkinson & Trastorns Moviment, Serv Neurol,Hosp Clin Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Inst Neurociencies, Catalonia, Spain
Fernandez-Santiago, R:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
IDIBAPS Inst Invest Biomed, Lab Parkinson Dis & Other Neurodegenerat Movement, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Unitat Parkinson & Trastorns Moviment, Serv Neurol,Hosp Clin Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Inst Neurociencies, Catalonia, Spain
Munoz, E:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
IDIBAPS Inst Invest Biomed, Lab Parkinson Dis & Other Neurodegenerat Movement, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Unitat Parkinson & Trastorns Moviment, Serv Neurol,Hosp Clin Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Inst Neurociencies, Catalonia, Spain
Tolosa, E:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
IDIBAPS Inst Invest Biomed, Lab Parkinson Dis & Other Neurodegenerat Movement, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Unitat Parkinson & Trastorns Moviment, Serv Neurol,Hosp Clin Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Inst Neurociencies, Catalonia, Spain
Valldeoriola, F:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
IDIBAPS Inst Invest Biomed, Lab Parkinson Dis & Other Neurodegenerat Movement, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Unitat Parkinson & Trastorns Moviment, Serv Neurol,Hosp Clin Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Inst Neurociencies, Catalonia, Spain
Gonzalez-Aramburu, I:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Hosp Univ Marques Valdecilla IDIVAL, Serv Neurol, Santander, Spain
Univ Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Rodriguez, AS:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Hosp Univ Marques Valdecilla IDIVAL, Serv Neurol, Santander, Spain
Univ Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Sierra, M:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Hosp Univ Marques Valdecilla IDIVAL, Serv Neurol, Santander, Spain
Univ Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Menendez-Gonzalez, M:
Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Serv Neurol, Asturias, Spain
Inst Invest Sanitaria Principado Asturias ISPA, Asturias, Spain
Blazquez, M:
Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Serv Neurol, Asturias, Spain
Inst Invest Sanitaria Principado Asturias ISPA, Asturias, Spain
Garcia, C:
Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Serv Neurol, Asturias, Spain
Inst Invest Sanitaria Principado Asturias ISPA, Asturias, Spain
Martin, ESS:
Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Serv Neurol, Asturias, Spain
Inst Invest Sanitaria Principado Asturias ISPA, Asturias, Spain
Garcia-Ruiz, P:
Inst Invest Sanitaria Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Dept Neurol, Madrid, Spain
Martinez-Castrillo, JC:
Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Dept Neurol, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
Vela-Desojo, L:
Hosp Univ Fdn Alcorcon, Serv Neurol, Madrid, Spain
Ruz, C:
Inst Invest Biosanitaria Granada Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain
Univ Granada, Ctr Invest Biomed, Fac Med, Granada, Spain
Univ Granada, Dept Fisiol, Fac Med, Granada, Spain
Barrero, FJ:
Inst Invest Biosanitaria Granada Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain
Univ Granada, Hosp Univ San Cecilio, Serv Neurol, Granada, Spain
Escamilla-Sevilla, F:
Inst Invest Biosanitaria Granada Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain
Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Serv Neurol, Granada, Spain
Minguez-Castellanos, A:
Inst Invest Biosanitaria Granada Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain
Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Serv Neurol, Granada, Spain
Cerdan, D:
Hosp Gen Segovia, Serv Neurol, Segovia, Spain
Tabernero, C:
Hosp Gen Segovia, Serv Neurol, Segovia, Spain
Heredia, MJG:
Hosp Univ Virgen de la Victoria, Serv Neurol, Malaga, Spain
Errazquin, FP:
Hosp Univ Virgen de la Victoria, Serv Neurol, Malaga, Spain
Romero-Acebal, M:
Hosp Univ Virgen de la Victoria, Serv Neurol, Malaga, Spain
Feliz, C:
Inst Invest Sanitaria Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Dept Neurol, Madrid, Spain
Lopez-Sendon, JL:
Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Dept Neurol, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
Mata, M:
Hosp Univ Infanta Sofia, Dept Neurol, Madrid, Spain
Torres, IM:
Hosp Univ & Politecn La Fe, Dept Neurol, Inst Invest Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
Kim, JJ:
NIA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Dalgard, CL:
Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Amer Genome Ctr, Collaborat Hlth Initiat Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
Brooks, J:
NIA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Saez-Atienzar, S:
NIA, Neuromuscular Dis Res Sect, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Gibbs, JR:
NIA, Computat Biol Grp, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Jorda, R:
Univ Murcia, Dept Ingn Informac & Comunicac, Murcia, Spain
Botia, JA:
Univ Murcia, Dept Ingn Informac & Comunicac, Murcia, Spain
UCL, Inst Neurol, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England
Bonet-Ponce, L:
NIA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Morrison, KE:
Univ Southampton, Dept Neurol, Fac Med, Southampton, Hants, England
Clarke, C:
Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Sandwell & West Birmingham Hosp NHS Trust, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Tan, M:
UCL, Dept Clin Neurosci, London, England
Morris, H:
UCL, Dept Clin Neurosci, London, England
Edsall, C:
NIA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Hernandez, D:
NIA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Simon-Sanchez, J:
Univ Tubingen, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Hertie Inst Clin Brain Res, Tubingen, Germany
German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, DZNE, Tubingen, Germany
Nalls, MA:
NIA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Data Tecn Int, Glen Echo, MD USA
Scholz, SW:
NINCDS, Neurodegenerat Dis Res Unit, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Johns Hopkins Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD USA
Jimenez-Escrig, A:
Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Dept Neurol, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
Duarte, J:
Hosp Gen Segovia, Serv Neurol, Segovia, Spain
Vives, F:
Inst Invest Biosanitaria Granada Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain
Univ Granada, Ctr Invest Biomed, Fac Med, Granada, Spain
Univ Granada, Dept Fisiol, Fac Med, Granada, Spain
Duran, R:
Inst Invest Biosanitaria Granada Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain
Univ Granada, Ctr Invest Biomed, Fac Med, Granada, Spain
Univ Granada, Dept Fisiol, Fac Med, Granada, Spain
Hoenicka, J:
Inst Recerca St Joan Deu, Lab Neurogenet & Med Mol, Barcelona, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
Alvarez, V:
Inst Invest Sanitaria Principado Asturias ISPA, Asturias, Spain
Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Genet Lab, Asturias, Spain
Infante, J:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Hosp Univ Marques Valdecilla IDIVAL, Serv Neurol, Santander, Spain
Univ Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Marti, MJ:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
IDIBAPS Inst Invest Biomed, Lab Parkinson Dis & Other Neurodegenerat Movement, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Unitat Parkinson & Trastorns Moviment, Serv Neurol,Hosp Clin Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Maria de Maetzu Ctr, Inst Neurociencies, Catalonia, Spain
Clarimon, J:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
IIB St Pau, Genet Neurodegenerat Disorders Unit, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
de Munain, AL:
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Neurodegenerat Disorders Area, San Sebastian, Spain
Univ Basque Country, Hosp Univ Donostia, Serv Neurol, Dept Neurociencias, San Sebastian, Spain
Pastor, P:
Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Hosp Mutua Terrassa, Movement Disorders Unit, Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Spain
Mir, P:
Univ Seville, Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin,CSIC, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Madrid, Spain
Singleton, A:
NIA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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