Regional brain morphology and current antidepressant use: findings from 32 international cohorts from the ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group


Por: Serrarens, C, Toenders, YJ, Pozzi, E, Aleman, A, Alexander, N, Basgöze, Z, Belov, V, Berger, K, Brosch, K, Bülow, R, Busatto, GF, Capitao, LP, Connolly, CG, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Cullen, KR, Dannlowski, U, Davey, CG, De Zubicaray, GI, Dima, D, Dohm, K, Enneking, V, Erwin-Grabner, T, Evermann, U, Fu, CHY, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Godlewska, BR, Gonul, AS, Gotlib, IH, Goya-Maldonado, R, Grabe, HJ, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Hahn, T, Hall, G, Harrison, B, Heindel, W, Hermesdorf, M, Ho, TC, Ichikawa, N, Itai, E, Jahanshad, N, Jamalabadi, H, Jamieson, AJ, Jansen, A, Kircher, T, Klimes-Dougan, B, Krämer, B, Krug, A, Lancaster, TM, Leehr, EJ, Li, M, Linden, DEJ, MacMaster, F, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Mehler, DMA, Meinert, S, Mwangi, B, Nenadic, I, Okada, G, Okamoto, Y, Opel, N, Pfarr, JK, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Portella, MJ, Redlich, R, Reneman, L, Repple, J, Ringwald, K, Rodriguez-Cano, E, Rosa, PGP, Sacchet, MD, Sämann, PG, Salvador, R, Schrantee, A, Shinzato, H, Sim, K, Simulionyte, E, Soares, JC, Stein, DJ, Stein, F, Straube, B, Strike, LT, Thomas-Odenthal, F, Thomopoulos, SI, Thompson, PM, Van Tol, MJ, Usemann, P, Uyar, A, van der Wee, N, van der Werff, S, Vives-Gilabert, Y, Völzke, H, Walter, M, Whittle, S, Wittfeld, K, Wroblewski, A, Wu, MJ, Yang, TT, Zunta-Soares, GB, Veltman, DJ, Schmaal, L, van Velzen, LS

Publicada: 1 dic 2025 Ahead of Print: 1 nov 2025
Resumen:
The understanding of how antidepressant (AD) use is associated with brain structure in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains incomplete. We aimed to examine the association between AD medication use and brain morphology in relation to age and sex by pooling structural neuroimaging and clinical data from 32 cohorts within the ENIGMA-MDD working group. Interaction effects of group (2076 cases with current AD use (AD), 1495 cases not currently taking AD (nAD) and 5125 healthy controls (HC)) with age and sex, and main effects of group on regional brain structure (cortical surface area and thickness, and subcortical volume) were examined. Additionally, we examined the effect of AD type (SSRI, SNRI or mirtazapine) and duration of use on brain morphology. Younger individuals in the AD group showed lower bilateral middle temporal gyrus thickness compared to nAD and HC, but this was not seen in older individuals (crossover around 50 years). Lower hippocampal volume and thinner inferior temporal gyrus were shown in AD compared to nAD. These effects were independent of group differences in disease-course-related measures, but were driven by depressive symptom severity. Greater bilateral rostral anterior cingulate thickness was found in individuals older than approximately 40 years taking mirtazapine compared to individuals taking SSRIs or SNRIs. Evidence for subtle structural brain differences in temporal and limbic regions in individuals with MDD who currently use AD medication were found compared to those not currently taking AD medication. Future longitudinal studies are needed to determine the causality of these associations.

Filiaciones:
Serrarens, C:
 Maastricht Univ, Mental Hlth & Neurosci Res Inst, Dept Psychiat & Neuropsychol, Maastricht, Netherlands

 Changes GGZ, Breda, Netherlands

Toenders, YJ:
 Orygen, Parkville, Vic, Australia

 Univ Melbourne, Ctr Youth Mental Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

 Leiden Univ, Dev & Educ Psychol, Leiden, Netherlands

 Erasmus Univ, Erasmus Sch Social & Behav Sci, Rotterdam, Netherlands

Pozzi, E:
 Orygen, Parkville, Vic, Australia

 Univ Melbourne, Ctr Youth Mental Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

Aleman, A:
 Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Cognit Neurosci Ctr, Dept Biomed Sci Cells & Syst, Groningen, Netherlands

Alexander, N:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Ctr Mind Brain & Behav, Marburg, Germany

Basgöze, Z:
 Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA

Belov, V:
 Univ Med Ctr Gottingen UMG, Lab Syst Neurosci & Imaging Psychiat SNIP Lab, Gottingen, Germany

Berger, K:
 Univ Munster, Inst Epidemiol & Social Med, Munster, Germany

Brosch, K:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Ctr Mind Brain & Behav, Marburg, Germany

 Feinstein Inst Med Res, Inst Behav Sci, Manhasset, NY USA

Bülow, R:
 Univ Med Greifswald, Inst Diagnost Radiol & Neuroradiol, Greifswald, Germany

 German Ctr Cardiovasc Res, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Busatto, GF:
 Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Psychiat Neuroimaging LIM 21, Dept & Inst Psiquiatria, Hosp Clin HCFMUSP,Fac Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Capitao, LP:
 Univ Minho, Psychol Res Ctr CIPsi, Sch Psychol, Psychol Neurosci Lab, Braga, Portugal

Connolly, CG:
 Florida State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Tallahassee, FL USA

Couvy-Duchesne, B:
 Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia

 Sorbonne Univ, Hop Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP,Paris Brain Inst ICM, CNRS,Inst Cerveau,INRIA,INSERM, Paris, France

Cullen, KR:
 Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA

Dannlowski, U:
 Univ Munster, Inst Translat Psychiat, Munster, Germany

 Bielefeld Univ, Med Sch, Bielefeld, Germany

 Univ Med Ctr OWL, Protestant Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Bethel Fdn, Bielefeld, Germany

Davey, CG:
 Univ Melbourne, Dept Psychiat, Parkville, Vic, Australia

De Zubicaray, GI:
 Queensland Univ Technol, Fac Hlth, Sch Psychol & Counseling, Kelvin Grove, Qld, Australia

Dima, D:
 City Univ London, Sch Hlth & Psychol Sci, Dept Psychol, London, England

 Kings Coll London, Dept Neuroimaging, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, London, England

Dohm, K:
 Univ Munster, Inst Translat Psychiat, Munster, Germany

Enneking, V:
 Univ Munster, Inst Translat Psychiat, Munster, Germany

Erwin-Grabner, T:
 Univ Med Ctr Gottingen UMG, Lab Syst Neurosci & Imaging Psychiat SNIP Lab, Gottingen, Germany

Evermann, U:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

Fu, CHY:
 Univ East London, Sch Psychol, London, England

 Kings Coll London, Ctr Affect Disorders, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, London, England

Fuentes-Claramonte, P:
 FIDMAG Germanes Hosp, Res Fdn, Barcelona, Spain

 CIBERSAM ISCIII, Madrid, Spain

Godlewska, BR:
 Univ Oxford, Dept Psychiat, Clin Psychopharmacol Grp, Oxford, England

Gonul, AS:
 Ege Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, SoCAT Lab, Izmir, Turkiye

 Mercer Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Macon, GA USA

Gotlib, IH:
 Stanford Univ, Dept Psychol, Stanford, CA USA

Goya-Maldonado, R:
 Univ Med Ctr Gottingen UMG, Lab Syst Neurosci & Imaging Psychiat SNIP Lab, Gottingen, Germany

Grabe, HJ:
 Univ Med Greifswald, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Greifswald, Germany

Groenewold, NA:
 Univ Cape Town, Neurosci Inst, Dept Psychiat & Mental Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa

Grotegerd, D:
 Univ Munster, Inst Translat Psychiat, Munster, Germany

Gruber, O:
 Heidelberg Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Psychiat, Sect Expt Psychopathol & Neuroimaging, Heidelberg, Germany

Hahn, T:
 Univ Munster, Inst Translat Psychiat, Munster, Germany

Hall, G:
 McMaster Univ, Dept Psychol Neurosci & Behav, Hamilton, ON, Canada

Harrison, B:
 Univ Melbourne, Dept Psychiat, Parkville, Vic, Australia

Heindel, W:
 Univ Munster, Univ Clin Radiol, Munster, Germany

Hermesdorf, M:
 Univ Munster, Inst Epidemiol & Social Med, Munster, Germany

Ho, TC:
 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA USA

Ichikawa, N:
 Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biomed & Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat & Neurosci, Hiroshima, Japan

Itai, E:
 Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biomed & Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat & Neurosci, Hiroshima, Japan

Jahanshad, N:
 Univ Southern Calif, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informat Inst, Imaging Genet Ctr, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA

Jamalabadi, H:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Ctr Mind Brain & Behav, Marburg, Germany

Jamieson, AJ:
 Univ Melbourne, Dept Psychiat, Parkville, Vic, Australia

Jansen, A:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Ctr Mind Brain & Behav, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Core Unit Brainimaging, Marburg, Germany

Kircher, T:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Ctr Mind Brain & Behav, Marburg, Germany

Klimes-Dougan, B:
 Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychol, Minneapolis, MN USA

Krämer, B:
 Heidelberg Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Psychiat, Sect Expt Psychopathol & Neuroimaging, Heidelberg, Germany

Krug, A:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Hosp Bonn, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Bonn, Germany

Lancaster, TM:
 Cardiff Univ, Brain Res Imaging Ctr CUBRIC, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, Wales

 Univ Bath, Dept Psychol, Bath, England

Leehr, EJ:
 Univ Munster, Inst Translat Psychiat, Munster, Germany

Li, M:
 Jena Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Jena, Germany

 Ctr Intervent & Res adapt & maladapt brain Circuit, Halle Jena, Magdeburg, Germany

 Otto von Guericke Univ, Clin Affect Neuroimaging Lab, Magdeburg, Germany

Linden, DEJ:
 Maastricht Univ, Mental Hlth & Neurosci Res Inst, Dept Psychiat & Neuropsychol, Maastricht, Netherlands

 Cardiff Univ, Brain Res Imaging Ctr CUBRIC, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, Wales

MacMaster, F:
 IWK Hlth, Halifax, NS, Canada

 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Psychiat, Halifax, NS, Canada

Medland, SE:
 QIMR Berghofer Med Res Inst, Herston, Australia

Mehler, DMA:
 Univ Munster, Inst Translat Psychiat, Munster, Germany

 Cardiff Univ, Brain Res Imaging Ctr CUBRIC, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, Wales

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Med Sch, Dept Psychiat Psychotherapy & Psychosomat, Aachen, Germany

Meinert, S:
 Univ Munster, Inst Translat Psychiat, Munster, Germany

Mwangi, B:
 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, McGovern Med Sch, Louis A Faillace MD Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Ctr Excellence Mood Disorders, Houston, TX USA

Nenadic, I:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Ctr Mind Brain & Behav, Marburg, Germany

Okada, G:
 Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biomed & Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat & Neurosci, Hiroshima, Japan

Okamoto, Y:
 Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biomed & Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat & Neurosci, Hiroshima, Japan

Opel, N:
 Univ Munster, Inst Translat Psychiat, Munster, Germany

 Jena Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Jena, Germany

 Ctr Intervent & Res adapt & maladapt brain Circuit, Halle Jena, Magdeburg, Germany

 German Ctr Mental Hlth DZPG, Partner Site Halle Jena, Magdeburg, Germany

Pfarr, JK:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Ctr Mind Brain & Behav, Marburg, Germany

 McGill, Montreal Neurol Inst, Origami Lab, Montreal, PQ, Canada

Pomarol-Clotet, E:
 FIDMAG Germanes Hosp, Res Fdn, Barcelona, Spain

 CIBERSAM ISCIII, Madrid, Spain

Portella, MJ:
 CIBERSAM ISCIII, Madrid, Spain

 Inst Recerca St Pau IR St PAU, Mental Hlth Res Grp, Barcelona, Spain

 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Psychiat & Legal Med, Barcelona, Spain

Redlich, R:
 Univ Munster, Inst Translat Psychiat, Munster, Germany

 Univ Halle, Dept Psychol, Halle, Germany

 German Ctr Mental Hlth, Halle Site, Halle, Germany

Reneman, L:
 Univ Amsterdam, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Locat AMC, Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Repple, J:
 Univ Munster, Inst Translat Psychiat, Munster, Germany

 Goethe Univ, Dept Psychiat Psychosomat Med & Psychotherapy, Univ Hosp Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

Ringwald, K:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

Rodriguez-Cano, E:
 FIDMAG Germanes Hosp, Res Fdn, Barcelona, Spain

 CIBERSAM ISCIII, Madrid, Spain

Rosa, PGP:
 Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Psychiat Neuroimaging LIM 21, Dept & Inst Psiquiatria, Hosp Clin HCFMUSP,Fac Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Sacchet, MD:
 Harvard Med Sch, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Meditat Res Program, Boston, MA USA

Sämann, PG:
 Max Planck Inst Psychiat, Munich, Germany

Salvador, R:
 FIDMAG Germanes Hosp, Res Fdn, Barcelona, Spain

 CIBERSAM ISCIII, Madrid, Spain

Schrantee, A:
 Univ Amsterdam, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Locat AMC, Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Shinzato, H:
 Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biomed & Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat & Neurosci, Hiroshima, Japan

 Univ Ryukyus, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Okinawa, Japan

Sim, K:
 Inst Mental Hlth, West Reg, Singapore, Singapore

 Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Singapore, Singapore

 Nanyang Technol Univ, Lee Kong Chian Sch Med, Singapore, Singapore

Simulionyte, E:
 Heidelberg Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Psychiat, Sect Expt Psychopathol & Neuroimaging, Heidelberg, Germany

Soares, JC:
 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, McGovern Med Sch, Louis A Faillace MD Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Ctr Excellence Mood Disorders, Houston, TX USA

Stein, DJ:
 Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat, SAMRC Unit Risk & Resilience, Cape Town, South Africa

 Univ Cape Town, Neurosci Inst, Cape Town, South Africa

Stein, F:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Ctr Mind Brain & Behav, Marburg, Germany

Straube, B:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Ctr Mind Brain & Behav, Marburg, Germany

Strike, LT:
 QIMR Berghofer Med Res Inst, Herston, Australia

Thomas-Odenthal, F:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Ctr Mind Brain & Behav, Marburg, Germany

Thomopoulos, SI:
 Univ Southern Calif, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informat Inst, Imaging Genet Ctr, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA

Thompson, PM:
 Univ Southern Calif, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informat Inst, Imaging Genet Ctr, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA

Van Tol, MJ:
 Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Cognit Neurosci Ctr, Groningen, Netherlands

Usemann, P:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Ctr Mind Brain & Behav, Marburg, Germany

Uyar, A:
 Ege Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, SoCAT Lab, Izmir, Turkiye

 Mugla Training & Res Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Mugla, Turkiye

van der Wee, N:
 Leiden Univ, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands

 Leiden Inst Brain & Cognit, Leiden, Netherlands

van der Werff, S:
 Leiden Univ, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands

 Leiden Inst Brain & Cognit, Leiden, Netherlands

Vives-Gilabert, Y:
 Univ Valencia, Dept Elect Engn, Intelligent Data Anal Lab, Valencia, Spain

Völzke, H:
 German Ctr Cardiovasc Res, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

 Univ Med Greifswald, Inst Community Med, Greifswald, Germany

Walter, M:
 Jena Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Jena, Germany

 Ctr Intervent & Res adapt & maladapt brain Circuit, Halle Jena, Magdeburg, Germany

 German Ctr Mental Hlth DZPG, Partner Site Halle Jena, Magdeburg, Germany

 Univ Tubingen, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Tubingen, Germany

Whittle, S:
 Univ Melbourne, Dept Psychiat, Parkville, Vic, Australia

Wittfeld, K:
 Univ Med Greifswald, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Greifswald, Germany

Wroblewski, A:
 Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

Wu, MJ:
 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, McGovern Med Sch, Louis A Faillace MD Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Ctr Excellence Mood Disorders, Houston, TX USA

Yang, TT:
 UCSF, Weill Inst Neurosci, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat,Sch Med, San Francisco, CA USA

Zunta-Soares, GB:
 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, McGovern Med Sch, Louis A Faillace MD Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Ctr Excellence Mood Disorders, Houston, TX USA

Veltman, DJ:
 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychiat, Amsterdam UMC Locat, Amsterdam, Netherlands

 Amsterdam Neurosci, Brain Imaging program, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Schmaal, L:
 Orygen, Parkville, Vic, Australia

 Univ Melbourne, Ctr Youth Mental Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

van Velzen, LS:
 Orygen, Parkville, Vic, Australia

 Univ Melbourne, Ctr Youth Mental Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Clin Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
ISSN: 13594184





MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
Editorial
SPRINGERNATURE, CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, N1 9XW, ENGLAND, Reino Unido
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 30 Número: 12
Páginas: 5625-5636
WOS Id: 001606190300001
ID de PubMed: 41184571
imagen Green Submitted, Green Published, hybrid

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