Neural correlates of human fear conditioning and sources of variability in 2199 individuals


Por: Radua, J, Savage, HS, Vilajosana, E, Jamieson, A, Abler, B, Åhs, F, Beckers, T, Cardoner, N, Cisler, JM, Diniz, JB, Bach, DR, Elsenbruch, S, Greening, SG, Holt, DJ, Kaczkurkin, AN, Keil, A, Kindt, M, Koch, K, LaBar, KS, Lam, CL, Larson, CL, Lonsdorf, TB, Merz, CJ, McLaughlin, KA, Neria, Y, Pine, DS, van Reekum, CM, Shackman, AJ, Soriano-Mas, C, Spoormaker, VI, Stout, DM, Straube, B, Straube, T, Tuominen, L, Visser, RM, Ahumada, L, Arolt, V, Batistuzzo, MC, Bazán, PR, Biggs, EE, Cano, M, Chavarría-Elizondo, P, Cooper, SE, Dannlowski, U, de la Peña-arteaga, V, Decross, SN, Domschke, K, Ehlers, MR, Graner, JL, Hamm, AO, Herrmann, MJ, Huggins, AA, Icenhour, A, Juaneda-Seguí, A, Junghoefer, M, Kircher, T, Koelkebeck, K, Kuhn, M, Labrenz, F, Lissek, SM, Lotze, M, Lueken, U, Margraf, J, Martínez-Zalacaín, I, Moeck, R, Morriss, J, Ortuño, M, Pittig, A, Porta-Casteras, D, Richter, J, Ridderbusch, IC, Rief, W, Roesmann, K, Rosén, J, Russmann, AN, Sjouwerman, R, Spohrs, J, Ströhle, A, Suarez-Jimenez, B, Ulrich, M, Wittchen, HU, Zhu, X, Waller, L, Walter, H, Thompson, PM, Bas-Hoogendam, JM, Groenewold, NA, Stein, DJ, van der Wee, NJ, Dunsmoor, JE, Marquand, AF, Harrison, BJ, Fullana, MA

Publicada: 23 ago 2025
Resumen:
Pavlovian fear conditioning is a fundamental process in both health and disease. We investigate its neural correlates and sources of variability using harmonized functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 2199 individuals across nine countries, including 1888 healthy individuals and 311 with anxiety-related or depressive disorders. Using mega-analysis and normative modeling, we show that fear conditioning consistently engages brain regions within the "central autonomic-interoceptive" or "salience" network. Several task variables strongly modulate activity in these regions, contributing to variability in neural responses. Additionally, brain activation patterns differ between healthy individuals and those with anxiety-related or depressive disorders, with distinct profiles characterizing specific disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. While the neural correlates of fear conditioning are highly generalizable at the population level, variability arises from differences in task design and clinical status, highlighting the importance of methodological diversity in capturing fear learning mechanisms.

Filiaciones:
Radua, J:
 Inst Invest Biomed August Pi & Sunyer IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain

 Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

 Inst Salud Carlos III ISCIII, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain

Savage, HS:
 Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Nijmegen, Netherlands

 Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Cognit Neurosci, Nijmegen, Netherlands

 UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London, England

Vilajosana, E:
 Inst Invest Biomed August Pi & Sunyer IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain

 Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Jamieson, A:
 Univ Melbourne, Dept Psychiat, Parkville, Vic, Australia

Abler, B:
 Ulm Univ Clin, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy 3, Ulm, Germany

Åhs, F:
 Mid Sweden Univ, Dept Psychol & Social Work, Ostersund, Sweden

Beckers, T:
 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Psychol & Educ Sci, Leuven, Belgium

 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Leuven Brain Inst, Leuven, Belgium

Cardoner, N:
 Inst Invest Biomed St Pau IBB St Pau, St Pau Mental Hlth Grp, Barcelona, Spain

 Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Cisler, JM:
 Univ Texas Austin, Dell Med Sch, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Austin, TX USA

Diniz, JB:
 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Bach, DR:
 Univ Bonn, Inst Comp Sci,Transdisciplinary Res Area Life & H, Inst Expt Epileptol & Cognit Res,Med Fac, Hertz Chair Artificial Intelligence & Neurosci, Bonn, Germany

 Univ Hosp Bonn, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Bonn, Germany

 UCL, UCL Queen Sq Inst Neurol, Dept Imaging Neurosci, London, England

Elsenbruch, S:
 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Med Fac, Dept Med Psychol & Med Sociol, Bochum, Germany

Greening, SG:
 Univ Manitoba, Dept Psychol, Brain & Cognit Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

Holt, DJ:
 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Charlestown, MA USA

 Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA

 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Boston, MA USA

Kaczkurkin, AN:
 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychol, Nashville, TN USA

Keil, A:
 Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, Gainesville, FL USA

Kindt, M:
 Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Koch, K:
 Tech Univ Munich, Sch Med & Hlth, Munich, Germany

Lam, CL:
 Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Lab Clin Psychol & Affect Neurosci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China

 State Key Lab Brain & Cognit Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China

Larson, CL:
 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Milwaukee, WI USA

Lonsdorf, TB:
 Bielefeld Univ, Biol Psychol & Cognit Neurosci, Bielefeld, Germany

 Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Inst Syst Neurosci, Hamburg, Germany

Merz, CJ:
 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Cognit Neurosci, Dept Cognit Psychol, Bochum, Germany

McLaughlin, KA:
 Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA USA

 Univ Oregon, Ballmer Inst Childrens Behav Hlth, Eugene, OR USA

Neria, Y:
 Columbia Univ, Irving Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA

Pine, DS:
 NIMH, Sect Dev & Affect Neurosci, Bethesda, MD USA

van Reekum, CM:
 Univ Reading, Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci, Reading, England

Shackman, AJ:
 Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, Neurosci & Cognit Sci Program, College Pk, MD USA

 Univ Maryland, Maryland Neuroimaging Ctr, College Pk, MD USA

Soriano-Mas, C:
 Inst Salud Carlos III ISCIII, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain

 Univ Barcelona, Inst Neurosci, Dept Social Psychol & Quantitat Psychol, Barcelona, Spain

 Inst Invest Biomed Bellvitge IDIBELL, Neurosci Program, Psychiat & Mental Hlth Grp, Lhospitalet De Llobregat, Spain

Spoormaker, VI:
 Max Planck Inst Psychiat, Munich, Germany

Stout, DM:
 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA USA

 VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA

 Ctr Excellence Stress & Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA USA

Straube, B:
 Univ Marburg, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Ctr Mind Brain & Behav, Marburg, Germany

Straube, T:
 Univ Munster, Inst Med Psychol & Syst Neurosci, Munster, Germany

Tuominen, L:
 Univ Ottawa, Inst Mental Hlth Res Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Visser, RM:
 Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Ahumada, L:
 Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, Gainesville, FL USA

Arolt, V:
 Univ Munster, Inst Translat Psychiat, Munster, Germany

 Univ Munster, Otto Creutzfeld Ctr Cognit & Behav Neurosci, Munster, Germany

Batistuzzo, MC:
 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil

 Pontifical Catholic Univ, Dept Methods & Tech Psychol, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Bazán, PR:
 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Radiol Inst, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Biggs, EE:
 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Psychol & Educ Sci, Leuven, Belgium

Cano, M:
 Inst Invest Biomed St Pau IBB St Pau, St Pau Mental Hlth Grp, Barcelona, Spain

 Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

Chavarría-Elizondo, P:
 Inst Invest Biomed Bellvitge IDIBELL, Neurosci Program, Psychiat & Mental Hlth Grp, Lhospitalet De Llobregat, Spain

 Univ Barcelona, Sch Med, Dept Clin Sci, LHospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

Cooper, SE:
 Univ Texas Austin, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Austin, TX USA

Dannlowski, U:
 Univ Munster, Inst Translat Psychiat, Munster, Germany

de la Peña-arteaga, V:
 Inst Invest Biomed St Pau IBB St Pau, St Pau Mental Hlth Grp, Barcelona, Spain

 Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

 Univ Barcelona, Inst Neurosci, Dept Social Psychol & Quantitat Psychol, Barcelona, Spain

Decross, SN:
 Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA USA

Domschke, K:
 Univ Freiburg, Med Ctr, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Freiburg, Germany

 German Ctr Mental Hlth DZPG, Partner Site Berlin Potsdam, Berlin, Germany

Ehlers, MR:
 Bielefeld Univ, Biol Psychol & Cognit Neurosci, Bielefeld, Germany

 Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Inst Syst Neurosci, Hamburg, Germany

Graner, JL:
 Duke Univ, Ctr Cognit Neurosci, Durham, NC USA

Hamm, AO:
 Univ Greifswald, Dept Psychol, Greifswald, Germany

Herrmann, MJ:
 Univ Wurzburg, Dept Psychiat Psychosomat & Psychotherapy, Wurzburg, Germany

Huggins, AA:
 Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Tucson, AZ USA

Icenhour, A:
 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Med Fac, Dept Med Psychol & Med Sociol, Bochum, Germany

Juaneda-Seguí, A:
 Inst Invest Biomed Bellvitge IDIBELL, Neurosci Program, Psychiat & Mental Hlth Grp, Lhospitalet De Llobregat, Spain

Junghoefer, M:
 Univ Munster, Otto Creutzfeld Ctr Cognit & Behav Neurosci, Munster, Germany

 Univ Munster, Inst Biomagnetism & Biosignal Anal, Munster, Germany

Kircher, T:
 Univ Marburg, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Ctr Mind Brain & Behav, Marburg, Germany

Koelkebeck, K:
 Bielefeld Univ, Med Sch, Bielefeld, Germany

 Univ Med Ctr OWL, Protestant Hosp, Bethel Fdn, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Bielefeld, Germany

Kuhn, M:
 Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Inst Syst Neurosci, Hamburg, Germany

 McLean Hosp, Ctr Depress Anxiety & Stress Res, Belmont, MA USA

 Harvard Med Sch, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, MA USA

Labrenz, F:
 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Med Fac, Dept Med Psychol & Med Sociol, Bochum, Germany

Lissek, SM:
 Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychol, Minneapolis, MN USA

Lotze, M:
 Univ Med Greifswald, Diagnost Radiol, Greifswald, Germany

Lueken, U:
 German Ctr Mental Hlth DZPG, Partner Site Berlin Potsdam, Berlin, Germany

 Humboldt Univ, Dept Psychol, Berlin, Germany

Margraf, J:
 Ruhr Univ Bochum FBZ, Mental Hlth Res & Treatment Ctr FBZ, Bochum, Germany

 German Ctr Mental Hlth DZPG, Partner site Bochum Marburg, Bochum, Germany

Martínez-Zalacaín, I:
 Inst Invest Biomed Bellvitge IDIBELL, Neurosci Program, Psychiat & Mental Hlth Grp, Lhospitalet De Llobregat, Spain

 Hosp Univ Bellvitge, Radiol Dept, Lhospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

Moeck, R:
 Univ Munster, Inst Med Psychol & Syst Neurosci, Munster, Germany

Morriss, J:
 Univ Southampton, Fac Environm & Life Sci, Sch Psychol, Southampton, England

Ortuño, M:
 Inst Invest Biomed August Pi & Sunyer IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain

Pittig, A:
 Univ Gottingen, Inst Psychol, Translat Psychotherapy, Gottingen, Germany

Porta-Casteras, D:
 Inst Invest Biomed St Pau IBB St Pau, St Pau Mental Hlth Grp, Barcelona, Spain

Richter, J:
 Univ Hildesheim, Dept Expt Psychopathol, Hildesheim, Germany

Ridderbusch, IC:
 Univ Marburg, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

 Univ Marburg, Ctr Mind Brain & Behav, Marburg, Germany

Rief, W:
 Univ Marburg, Div Clin Psychol & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany

Roesmann, K:
 Univ Munster, Inst Biomagnetism & Biosignal Anal, Munster, Germany

 Univ Osnabruck, Inst Psychol Clin Psychol Childhood & Adolescence, Osnabruck, Germany

Rosén, J:
 Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden

Russmann, AN:
 Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Inst Syst Neurosci, Hamburg, Germany

 Univ Hamburg, Dept Psychol Clin Psychol & Neurosci, Hamburg, Germany

Sjouwerman, R:
 Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Inst Syst Neurosci, Hamburg, Germany

 Maastricht Univ, Expt Hlth Psychol, Maastricht, Netherlands

Spohrs, J:
 Ulm Univ, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Med Ctr, Ulm, Germany

 Mil Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat Psychotherapy & Psychotraumatol, Ulm, Germany

Ströhle, A:
 Charite Univ Med Berlin, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany

Suarez-Jimenez, B:
 Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Rochester, NY USA

 Univ Rochester, Ctr Visual Sci, Rochester, NY USA

Ulrich, M:
 Ulm Univ Clin, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy 3, Ulm, Germany

Wittchen, HU:
 Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Psychiat Univ Hosp, Munich, Germany

Zhu, X:
 Columbia Univ, Irving Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA

 New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, New York, NY USA

Waller, L:
 Charite Univ Med Berlin, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany

Walter, H:
 German Ctr Mental Hlth DZPG, Partner Site Berlin Potsdam, Berlin, Germany

 Charite Univ Med Berlin, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany

Thompson, PM:
 Univ Southern Calif, Imaging Genet Ctr, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informat Inst, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA

Bas-Hoogendam, JM:
 Leiden Univ, Inst Psychol, Dev & Educ Psychol, Leiden, Netherlands

 Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Leiden Inst Brain & Cognit, Leiden, Netherlands

 Leiden Univ, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands

Groenewold, NA:
 Univ Cape Town, Neurosci Inst, Dept Psychiat & Mental Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa

Stein, DJ:
 Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat & Mental Hlth, SAMRC Unit Risk & Resilience Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa

van der Wee, NJ:
 Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Leiden Inst Brain & Cognit, Leiden, Netherlands

 Leiden Univ, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands

Dunsmoor, JE:
 Univ Texas Austin, Dept Neurosci, Austin, TX USA

Marquand, AF:
 Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Nijmegen, Netherlands

 Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Cognit Neurosci, Nijmegen, Netherlands

Fullana, MA:
 Inst Invest Biomed August Pi & Sunyer IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain

 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Inst Neurosci, Adult Psychiat & Psychol Dept, Barcelona, Spain
ISSN: 20411723





Nature Communications
Editorial
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, GB
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 16 Número: 1
Páginas:
WOS Id: 001559616000026
ID de PubMed: 40849409
imagen Green Submitted, gold

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