Differential Expression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-9 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases


Por: Valero-Martinez, C, Pardines-Ortiz, M, Montes, N, Dauden, E, Fernández-Gutierrez, B, Garcia-Planella, E, Garcia, FG, Gratacós, J, Perez-Venegas, JJ, Julia, A, Marsal, S, Lamana, A, Garcia-Vicuña, R, González-Alvaro, I, Triguero-Martinez, A

Publicada: 18 sep 2025
Resumen:
Galectin-1 and -9 (Gal1/9) are essential mediators of immune-inflammatory responses, which makes these proteins potential biomarkers for immune-mediated diseases (IMIDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis (PS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was to evaluate plasma Gal1/9 differences between IMID patients and healthy donors (HD). We analyzed 980 plasma samples divided into two analytical cohorts (600 discovery group and 380 validation group). Generalized linear models estimated Gal1/9 levels, adjusting for sex, age, storage time, and plate variability. In the overall IMID group, plasma Gal1 levels were comparable to those of HD, while Gal9 levels were significantly elevated. Levels varied across individual diseases: SLE patients consistently showed the highest Gal1/9 levels compared to both HD and other IMIDs, and RA patients had elevated Gal9 levels versus HD. Both Gal1 and Gal9 plasma levels correlated positively with higher disease activity, and Gal1 was higher in patients with longer disease duration. After adjustment for these confounders, SLE and RA patients maintained the highest Gal9 levels compared to HD. Our study demonstrates that Gal1 and Gal9 are differentially expressed across IMIDs, with particularly elevated levels in SLE, and both galectins are associated with disease activity.

Filiaciones:
Valero-Martinez, C:
 Hosp Univ La Princesa, Rheumatol Dept, Inst Invest Sanitaria Princesa IIS Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain

Pardines-Ortiz, M:
 Hosp Univ La Princesa, Rheumatol Dept, Inst Invest Sanitaria Princesa IIS Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain

Montes, N:
 Hosp Univ La Princesa, Rheumatol Dept, Inst Invest Sanitaria Princesa IIS Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain

Dauden, E:
 Hosp Univ La Princesa, Dermatol Dept, Inst Invest Sanitaria Princesa IIS Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain

Fernández-Gutierrez, B:
 Hosp Clin San Carlos, Rheumatol Dept, Madrid 28040, Spain

Garcia-Planella, E:
 Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Gastroenterol Dept, Barcelona 08041, Spain

Garcia, FG:
 Hosp Clin Univ Lozano Blesa IIS Aragon, CIBEREHD, Gastroenterol Dept, Zaragoza 50009, Spain

Gratacós, J:
 Parc Tauli Hosp Univ, Dept Rheumatol, I3PT CERCA,Med UAB, Sabadell 08208, Spain

Perez-Venegas, JJ:
 Hosp Univ Virgen Macarena, Rheumatol Serv, Seville 41009, Spain

Julia, A:
 Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Rheumatol Dept, Barcelona 08035, Spain

Marsal, S:
 Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Rheumatol Dept, Barcelona 08035, Spain

Lamana, A:
 Hosp Univ La Princesa, Rheumatol Dept, Inst Invest Sanitaria Princesa IIS Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain

Garcia-Vicuña, R:
 Hosp Univ La Princesa, Rheumatol Dept, Inst Invest Sanitaria Princesa IIS Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain

González-Alvaro, I:
 Hosp Univ La Princesa, Rheumatol Dept, Inst Invest Sanitaria Princesa IIS Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain

Triguero-Martinez, A:
 Hosp Univ La Princesa, Rheumatol Dept, Inst Invest Sanitaria Princesa IIS Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain
ISSN: 16616596





INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Editorial
MDPI, ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, Suiza
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 26 Número: 18
Páginas:
WOS Id: 001580129100001
ID de PubMed: 41009653
imagen Green Submitted, gold

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