Large-scale CSF proteome profiling identifies biomarkers for accurate diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia


Por: Hok-A-Hin, YS, Vermunt, L, Peeters, CFW, van der Ende, EL, de Boer, SCM, Meeter, LH, de Houwer, J, Seelaar, H, van Swieten, JC, Hu, WT, Lleó, A, Alcolea, D, Engelborghs, S, Sieben, A, Chen-Plotkin, A, Irwin, DJ, van der Flier, WM, Pijnenburg, YAL, Teunissen, CE, del Campo, M

Publicada: 27 ago 2025
Resumen:
Background Diagnosis of Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and its specific underlying neuropathologies (frontotemporal lobar degeneration; FTLD-Tau and FTLD-TDP) are challenging, and thus, fluid biomarkers are needed to improve diagnostic accuracy. Methods We used proximity extension assays to analyze 665 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a multicenter cohort, which included patients with FTD (n = 189), Alzheimer's Disease dementia (AD; n = 232), and cognitively unimpaired individuals (n = 196). In a subset, FTLD neuropathology was determined based on phenotype or genotype (FTLD-Tau = 87 and FTLD-TDP = 67). Differences in protein expression profiles were analyzed using nested linear models. Penalized generalized linear modeling was used to identify classification protein panels, which were translated to custom multiplex assays and validated in two clinical cohorts (cohort 1: n = 161; cohort 2: n = 162), one autopsy-confirmed cohort (n = 100), and one genetic cohort (n = 55). Results Forty-three proteins were differentially regulated in FTD compared to controls and AD, reflecting axon development, regulation of synapse assembly, and cell-cell adhesion mediator activity pathways. Classification analysis identified a 14- and 13-CSF protein panel that discriminated FTD from controls (FTD diagnostic panel, AUC: 0.96) or AD (FTD differential diagnostic panel, AUC: 0.91). Custom multiplex panels confirmed the strong discriminative performancen between FTD and controls (AUCs > 0.96) and between FTD and AD (AUCs > 0.88) across three validation cohorts, including one with autopsy confirmation (AUCs > 0.90). Validation in genetic FTD (including C9orf72, GRN, and MAPT mutation carriers) revealed high accuracy of the FTD diagnostic panel in identifying both the presymptomatic (AUCs > 0.95) and symptomatic (AUC: 1) stages. Six proteins were differentially regulated between FTLD-TDP and FTLD-Tau. However, a reproducible classification model could not be generated (AUC: 0.80). Conclusions Overall, this study introduces novel FTD-specific biomarker panels with potential use in diagnostic settings.

Filiaciones:
Hok-A-Hin, YS:
 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Lab Med, Neurochem Lab, Amsterdam Neurosci,Amsterdam UMC,Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Vermunt, L:
 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Lab Med, Neurochem Lab, Amsterdam Neurosci,Amsterdam UMC,Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands

 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Alzheimer Ctr, Dept Neurol, Amsterdam Neurosci,Med Ctr,Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Peeters, CFW:
 Wageningen Univ & Res, Math & Stat Methods Grp Biometris, Wageningen, Netherlands

van der Ende, EL:
 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Lab Med, Neurochem Lab, Amsterdam Neurosci,Amsterdam UMC,Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands

de Boer, SCM:
 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Alzheimer Ctr, Dept Neurol, Amsterdam Neurosci,Med Ctr,Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

 Univ Sydney, Sch Psychol, Sydney, Australia

 Univ Sydney, Brain & Mind Ctr, Sydney, Australia

Meeter, LH:
 Erasmus MC, Alzheimer Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands

 Erasmus MC, Dept Neurol, Rotterdam, Netherlands

de Houwer, J:
 Erasmus MC, Alzheimer Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands

 Erasmus MC, Dept Neurol, Rotterdam, Netherlands

Seelaar, H:
 Erasmus MC, Alzheimer Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands

 Erasmus MC, Dept Neurol, Rotterdam, Netherlands

van Swieten, JC:
 Erasmus MC, Alzheimer Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands

 Erasmus MC, Dept Neurol, Rotterdam, Netherlands

Hu, WT:
 Emory Univ, Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis Res, Dept Neurol, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA

Lleó, A:
 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Santa Creu & St Pau, Inst Invest Biomed St Pau IIB ST PAU, Hosp St Pau,Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain

 Ctr Biomed Invest Network Neurodegenerat Dis CIBER, Madrid, Spain

Alcolea, D:
 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Santa Creu & St Pau, Inst Invest Biomed St Pau IIB ST PAU, Hosp St Pau,Dept Neurol, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain

 Ctr Biomed Invest Network Neurodegenerat Dis CIBER, Madrid, Spain

Engelborghs, S:
 Univ Antwerp, Reference Ctr Biol Markers Dementia BIODEM, Dept Biomed Sci, Antwerp, Belgium

 Vrije Univ Brussel, Ctr Neurosci C4N, Neuroprotect & Neuromodulat Res Grp NEUR, Brussels, Belgium

 Univ Ziekenhuis Brussel, Dept Neurol, Brussels, Belgium

Sieben, A:
 Antwerp Univ, Inst Born Bunge, Lab Neuropathol, Neurobiobank, Edegem, Belgium

Chen-Plotkin, A:
 Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA USA

Irwin, DJ:
 Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA USA

van der Flier, WM:
 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Alzheimer Ctr, Dept Neurol, Amsterdam Neurosci,Med Ctr,Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Pijnenburg, YAL:
 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Alzheimer Ctr, Dept Neurol, Amsterdam Neurosci,Med Ctr,Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Teunissen, CE:
 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Lab Med, Neurochem Lab, Amsterdam Neurosci,Amsterdam UMC,Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands

del Campo, M:
 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Lab Med, Neurochem Lab, Amsterdam Neurosci,Amsterdam UMC,Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands

 Pasqual Maragall Fdn, BarcelonaBeta Brain Res Ctr, Barcelona, Spain

 CEU Univ, Univ San Pablo CEU, Fac Farm, Dept Ciencias Farmaceut & Salud, Madrid, Spain
ISSN: 17501326





Molecular Neurodegeneration
Editorial
BMC, CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, Reino Unido
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 20 Número: 1
Páginas:
WOS Id: 001560491100001
ID de PubMed: 40866991
imagen Green Submitted, gold

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