Genetic Diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi in the United States of America: The Least Endemic Country for Chagas Disease
Por:
Llovera, A, Abras, A, Fernández-Arévalo, A, Ballart, C, Heras, S, Muñoz, C, Gallego, M
Publicada:
1 jul 2024
Resumen:
Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and endemic in Latin America, has become an emergent health problem in non-endemic countries due to human migration. The United States (US) is the non-Latin American country with the highest CD burden and cannot be considered as non-endemic, since triatomine vectors and reservoir animals have been found. Populations of T. cruzi are divided into genetic subdivisions, which are known as discrete typing units (DTUs): TcI to TcVI and TcBat. Autochthonous human T. cruzi infection in the US is sporadic, but it may change due to environmental factors affecting the geographic distribution of triatomines. We aimed to perform a literature review of the genetic diversity of T. cruzi in triatomine vectors and mammalian hosts, including human cases, in the US. The 34 analyzed studies revealed the presence of T. cruzi in 18 states, which was mainly concentrated in Texas, Louisiana and New Mexico. TcI and TcIV were the principal DTUs identified, being TcI the most genotyped (42.4%; 917/2164). This study represents a first attempt to compile the molecular epidemiology of T. cruzi in the US, which is fundamental for predicting the progression of the infection in the country and could be of great help in its future management.
Filiaciones:
Llovera, A:
Univ Girona, Dept Biol, Lab Ictiol Genet, Girona 17003, Spain
Abras, A:
Univ Girona, Dept Biol, Lab Ictiol Genet, Girona 17003, Spain
Fernández-Arévalo, A:
Univ Barcelona, Dept Biol Sanitat & Med Ambient, Seccio Parasitol, Fac Farm & Ciencies Alimentacio, Barcelona 08028, Spain
Ballart, C:
Univ Barcelona, Dept Biol Sanitat & Med Ambient, Seccio Parasitol, Fac Farm & Ciencies Alimentacio, Barcelona 08028, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin, Inst Salut Global Barcelona ISGlobal, Barcelona 08036, Spain
Heras, S:
Univ Girona, Dept Biol, Lab Ictiol Genet, Girona 17003, Spain
Muñoz, C:
Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Serv Microbiol, Barcelona 08025, Spain
Inst Recerca Biomed St Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Barcelona 08193, Spain
Gallego, M:
Univ Barcelona, Dept Biol Sanitat & Med Ambient, Seccio Parasitol, Fac Farm & Ciencies Alimentacio, Barcelona 08028, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin, Inst Salut Global Barcelona ISGlobal, Barcelona 08036, Spain
Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBERINFEC Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Infe, Madrid 28029, Spain
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