Changes in prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure in Spanish children, 2016-2019
Por:
Sanz-Mas, M, Continente, X, Henderson, E, Fernández, E, Schiaffino, A, Pérez-Ríos, M, Espelt, A, Guxens, M, López, MJ
Publicada:
1 jun 2024
Resumen:
INTRODUCTION Children are vulnerable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, especially those with lower socioeconomic status. This study assesses the changes in prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in SHS exposure in children younger than 12 years old in Spain between 2016 and 2019. METHODS We conducted two cross-sectional studies among representative samples of households with children aged <12 years in Spain, in 2016 (n=2411) and 2019 (n=2412). Families were interviewed to assess children's SHS exposure in private settings and outdoor public venues and their adoption of home and car smoke-free rules. We used the education level of the home main earner as a proxy for socioeconomic position. Changes over time in the prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities of SHS exposure and smoke-free rules were estimated through adjusted Poisson regression models with robust variance according to sociodemographic covariates (adjusted prevalence ratios, APRs). RESULTS In 2019, 70.5% of children were exposed to SHS in Spain. No changes between 2016 and 2019 were found for overall SHS exposure, exposure at home, and at school entrances. SHS exposure increased at public transport stations (APR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.03-1.49) and outdoor hospitality venues (APR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.07-1.29) while it decreased in cars (APR=0.74; 95% CI: 0.56-0.98) and parks (APR=0.87; 95% CI: 0.77-0.98). Households with lower education level had higher prevalence of SHS exposure at home in 2019 compared with those with 2016 and 2019 (p>0.05), while decreased in smoke-free rules in cars (p=0.039). CONCLUSIONS Reported SHS exposure among children in Spain remained high between 2016 and 2019. Inequalities persisted at home, highlighting the need for measures to reduce such exposure with an equity perspective.
Filiaciones:
Sanz-Mas, M:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona ASPB, Serv Avaluacio & Metodes Intervencio SAMI, Pl Lesseps 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain
Univ Pompeu Fabra, Dept Med & Ciencies Vida MELIS, Barcelona 08003, Spain
Continente, X:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona ASPB, Serv Avaluacio & Metodes Intervencio SAMI, Pl Lesseps 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBER, Madrid, Spain
Inst Recerca Sant Pau IR SANt PAU, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Fac Med, Barcelona, Spain
Henderson, E:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona ASPB, Serv Avaluacio & Metodes Intervencio SAMI, Pl Lesseps 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain
Inst Recerca Sant Pau IR SANt PAU, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Fac Med, Barcelona, Spain
Fernández, E:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona ASPB, Serv Avaluacio & Metodes Intervencio SAMI, Pl Lesseps 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain
Hosp Llobregat, Inst Invest Biomed Bellvitge IDIBELL, Inst Catala Oncol ICO, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Fac Med, Barcelona, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Respiratorias C, Madrid, Spain
Schiaffino, A:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona ASPB, Serv Avaluacio & Metodes Intervencio SAMI, Pl Lesseps 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain
Hosp Llobregat, Inst Invest Biomed Bellvitge IDIBELL, Inst Catala Oncol ICO, Barcelona, Spain
Generalitat Catalunya, Dept Salut, Direccio Gen Planificacio Salut, Barcelona, Spain
Pérez-Ríos, M:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona ASPB, Serv Avaluacio & Metodes Intervencio SAMI, Pl Lesseps 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBER, Madrid, Spain
Univ Santiago De Compostela, Area Med Prevent & Salud Publ, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
Espelt, A:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona ASPB, Serv Avaluacio & Metodes Intervencio SAMI, Pl Lesseps 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBER, Madrid, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Psicobiol & Metodol Ciencies Salut, Barcelona, Spain
Guxens, M:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona ASPB, Serv Avaluacio & Metodes Intervencio SAMI, Pl Lesseps 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain
Univ Pompeu Fabra, Dept Med & Ciencies Vida MELIS, Barcelona 08003, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBER, Madrid, Spain
Inst Salud Global Barcelona ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychol, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
López, MJ:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona ASPB, Serv Avaluacio & Metodes Intervencio SAMI, Pl Lesseps 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain
Univ Pompeu Fabra, Dept Med & Ciencies Vida MELIS, Barcelona 08003, Spain
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBER, Madrid, Spain
Inst Recerca Sant Pau IR SANt PAU, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Fac Med, Barcelona, Spain
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