GWAS and meta-analysis identifies 49 genetic variants underlying critical COVID-19


Por: Pairo-Castineira E., Rawlik K., Bretherick A.D., Qi T., Wu Y., Nassiri I., McConkey G.A., Zechner M., Klaric L., Griffiths F., Oosthuyzen W., Kousathanas A., Richmond A., Russell C.D., Malinauskas T., Thwaites R., Morrice K., Keating S., Maslove D., Nichol A., Semple M.G., Knight J., Hinds C., Horby P., Ling L., McAuley D., Montgomery H., Openshaw P.J.M., Begg C., Walsh T., Tenesa A., Flores C., Riancho J.A., Rojas-Martinez A., Lapunzina P., Clohisey S., Millar J., Shankar-Hari M., Aitkin E., Aravindan L., Armstrong R., Baillie J.K., Biggs H., Boz C., Brown A., Chikowore P., Coutts A., Coyle J., Cullum L., Das S., Day N., Donnelly L., Duncan E., Finernan P., Fourman M.H., Furlong A., Furniss J., Gallagher B., Gilchrist T., Golightly A., Hafezi K., Hamilton D., Hendry R., Kearns N., Law D., Law R., Law S., Lidstone-Scott R., Lauder C., Macgillivray L., Maclean A., Mal H., McCafferty S., McMaster E., Meikle J., Moore S.C., Murphy S., Mybaya H., Odam M., Zheng C., Chen J., Parkinson N., Paterson T., Tucker P., Schon K., Stenhouse A., Das M., Swets M., Szoor-McElhinney H., Taneski F., Turtle L.C.W., Wackett T., Ward M., Weaver J., Wrobel N., Pan J., Grau N., Jones T.O., Lim R., Marotti M., Whitton C., Bociek A., Campos S., Arbane G., Ostermann M., Cha M., DAmato F., Kosifidou E., Lorah S., Morera K., Brady L., Hugill K., Henning J., Bonner S., Headlam E., Jones J., List A., Morley J., Welford A., Kamangu B., Ratnakumar A., Shoremekun A., Alldis Z., Astin-Chamberlain R., Bibi F., Biddle J., Blow S., Bolton M., Borra C., Bowles R., Burton M., Choudhury Y., Cox A., Easthope A., Ebano P., Fotiadis S., Gurasashvili J., Halls R., Hartridge P., Kallon D., Kassam J., Lancoma-Malcolm I., Matharu M., May P., Mitchelmore O., Newman T., Patel M., Pheby J., Pinzuti I., Prime Z., Prysyazhna O., Shiel J., Taylor M., Tierney C., Zongo O., Wood S., Zak A., Collier D., Mundy M., Thompson C., Pritchard L., Gellamucho M., Cartlidge D., Bandla N., Bailey L., Davies M., Delaney J., Scott L., Abdelrazik M., Alasdair F., Carter D., Elhassan M., Ganesan A., Lamond Z., Purohit D., Rohit K., Saleem M., Wall A., Xavier K., Bakthavatsalam D., Gehad K., Gnanapragasam P., Jain K., Jain S., Malik A., Pappachan N., Moreno-Cuesta J., Haldeos A., Vincent R., Oziegb M., Cavazza A., Cockrell M., Corcoran E., Depante M., Finney C., Jerome E., Knighton A., Nayak M., Pappa E., Saha R., Saha S., Dodd A., O’Reilly K., McPhail M., Clarey E., Noble H., Smith J., Coghlan P., Brett S., Gordon A., Templeton M., Antcliffe D., Banach D., Darnell S., Fernandez Z., Jepson E., Mohammed A., Rojo R., Arias S.S., Gurung A.T., Fernandez-Roman J., Hamilton D.O., Johnson E., Johnston B., Martinez M.L., Mulla S., Waite A.A.C., Williams K., Waugh V., Welters I., Emblem J., Norris M., Shaw D., Bashyal A., Beer S., Hutton P., McKechnie S., Davidson N., Mathew S., Readion G., Ryu J., Wilson J., Agrawal S., Elston K., Jones M., Meaney E., Polgarova P., Elbehery M., Summers C., Daubney E., Ng A., Marshall J., Pathan N., Stroud K., White D., Andrew A., Ashraf S., Clark A., Dent M., Langley M., Peters C., Ryan L., Sampson J., Wei S., Baddeley A., Meredith M., Morris L., Gibbons A., McLoughlin L., Delgado C.C., Clark V., Dawson D., Ding L., Durrant G., Ezeobu O., Harrison A., Hurt W.J., Kanu R., Kinch A., Leaver S., Lisboa A., Mathew J., Patel K., Saluzzio R.P., Rawlins J., Samakomva T., Shah N., Sicat C., Texeira J., De Queiroz J.G., Da Gloria E.F., Maccacari E., Yun N., Manna S., Farnell-Ward S., Maizcordoba M., Thanasi M., Ali H.H., Hastings J., Grauslyte L., Hussain M., Ruge B., King S., Pogreban T., Rosaroso L., Smith H., Phull M.-K., Adams N., Franke G., George A., Salciute E., Wong J., Dunne K., Flower L., Sharland E., Sra S., Andrew G., Callaghan M., Barclay L., Marshall L., Baillie K., Amamio M., Birch S., Briton K., Clark S., Doverman K., Hope D., Mcculloch C., Simpson S., Singleton J., Fernandez R., Allen M., Baptista D., Crowe R., Fox J., Khera J., Loveridge A., McKenley I., Morino E., Naranjo A., O’Connor D., Simms R., Sollesta K., Swain A., Venkatesh H., Herdman-Grant R., Joseph A., Nown A., Rose S., Pogson D., Boxall H., Brimfield L., Claridge H., Daly Z., George S., Gribbin A., Cheema Y., Cutler S., Richards O., Roynon-Reed A., Cherian S., Heron A.E., Williams G., Szakmany T., Waters A., Collins K., Dunhill J., Jones F., Morris R., Ship L., Cardwell A., Ali S., Bhatterjee R., Bolton R., Chukkambotla S., Coleman D., Dalziel J., Dykes J., Fine C., Gay B., Goddard W., Goodchild D., Harling R., Hijazi M., Keith S., Khan M., Matt R., Ryan-Smith J., Saad S., Springle P., Thomas J., Truman N., Kazi A., Smith M., Collier H., Davison C., Duberley S., Hargreaves J., Hartley J., Patel T., Smith E., Kent A., Goodwin E., Zaki A., Tibke C., Hopkins S., Gerrard H., Jackson M., Bennett S., Marsh L., Mills R., Bell J., Campbell H., Dawson A., Dodds S., Duffy S., Gallagher L., McCafferty G., Short S., Smith T., Thomas K., Walker C., Reynolds J., Yates B., McKie H., Panteli M., Thompson M., Waddell G., De Beger S., Abraheem A., Dunmore C., Girach R., Jones R., London E., Nagra I., Nasir F., Sainsbury H., Smedley C., Brearey S., Burchett C., Cawley K., Faulkner M., Jeffrey H., Bamford P., Shaikh F., Slack L., Davies A., Brooke H., Suarez J.C., Charlesworth R., Hansson K., Norris J., Poole A., Sandhu R., Smithson E., Thirumaran M., Wagstaff V., Buckley S., Sloan B., Rose A., Major A., Metcalfe A., Almaden-Boyle C., Austin P., Chapman S., Eros A., Cabrelli L., Cole S., Whyte C., Casey M., Bafitis V., Tsinaslanidis G., George C., Khade R., Black C., Ashok S.R., Farley S., Brinkworth E., Harford R., Murphy C., Williams M., Newey L., Toghill H., Lewis S., Rees T., Battle C., Baker M., Travers J., Chesters K., Baxter N., Arnott A., McCreath G., McParland C., Rooney L., Sim M., Henderson S., Abel L., Dalton C., Kennedy-Hay S., O’Donohoe L., O’Hare M., Orlikowska I., Parker N., McNeela F., Lyle A., Hughes A., Radhakrishnan J., Gibson S., Bancroft H., Bellamy M., Daglish J., Kadiri S., Moore F., Rhodes J., Sangombe M., Peterkin Z., Scriven J., Carmody M., Cottle J., Peasgood E., de Gordoa L.O.-R., Phillips C., Skinner D., Cinquina Z., Howard K., Joy R., Roche S., Birkinshaw I., Carter J., Ingham J., Marshall N., Pearson H., Scott Z., Dasgin J., Gill J., Nilsson A., Hull D., Ahmadhaider N., Bates M., McGhee C., Ellis H., Howe G.S., Singh J., Stroud N., Roche L., Lynch C., Deacon B., Pothecary C., Smeaton J., Agravante K., Krishnamurthy V., Diaba C., John L., Lim L., Jha R., Egan J., Felton T., Glasgow S., Padden G., Choudhr O., Bradley-Potts J., Moss S., Lingeswaran S., Alexander P., Brandwood C., Fiouni S., Ward L., Allen S., Shaw J., Smith C., Adanini O., Collins R., Msiska M., Ofori L., Bhatia N., Dolan H., Brunton M., Caterson J., Coles H., Keating L., Tilney E., Jacques N., Frise M., Armistead J., Bartley S., Bhuie P., Rai S., Tomkova G., Greer S., Shuker K., Tridente A., Dobson E., Hunt J., Tully R., Dearden J., Drummond A., Kamath P., Bullock E., Mulcahy M., Munt S., O’Connor G., Philbin J., Rishton C., Scott C., Winnard S., Hasni N., Gascoyne R., Hawes J., Pritchard K., Stevenson L., Whileman A., Beavis S., Bishop L., Cart C., Dale K., Kelly-Baxter M., Mendelski A., Moakes E., Smith R., Woodward J., Wright S., Allan A., Botello A., Liew J., Medhora J., Trumper E., Savage F., Scott T., Place M., Kaye C., Benyon S., Marriott S., Park L., Quinn H., Skyes D., Zitter L., Baines K., Gordon E., Keenan S., Pitt A., Duffy K., Ireland J., Semple G., Turner L., Cathcart S., Rimmer D., Puxty A., Puxty K., Hurst A., Miller J., Speirs S., Bradshaw Z., Brown J., Melling S., Preston S., Slawson N., Warden S., Beasley A., Stoddard E., Benham L., Cupitt J., Caswell M., Elawamy L., Wignall A., Roberts B., Golding H., Leggett S., Male M., Marani M., Prager K., Williams T., Golder K., Jones O., Cusack R., Bolger C., Burnish R., Carter M., Jackson S., Salmon K., Biss J., Aquino M., Croft M., Frost V., White I., Govender K., Webb N., Stapleton L., Wells C., Nikitas N., Sanchez-Rodriguez A., Spencer K., Stowe B., Izzard Y., Poole M., Monnery S., Trotman S., Beech V., Combes E., Joefield T., Covernton P., Savage S., Woodward E., Camsooksai J., Reschreiter H., Barclay C., DeAth Y., Dube J., Humphrey C., Jenkins S., Langridge E., Milne R., Wadams B., Woolcock M., Brett M., Digby B., Gemmell L., Hornsby J., MacGoey P., O’Neil P., Price R., Sundaram R., Rodden N., Thomson N., Rooney K., Currie S., Walker L., Henderson P., Ogg B., Whiteley S., Wilby L., Long K., Matthew S., Salada S., Trott S., Watts S., Friar Z., Speight A., Bastion V., Chandna H., Djeugam B., Haseeb M., Kent H., Lubimbi G., Murdoch S., Thomas A., David B., Lorusso R., Vochin A., Penacerrada M., Wulandari R., Heath C., Jakkula S., Morris A., Ahmed A., Nune A., Buttriss C., Whitaker E., Davey M., Golden D., Acklery A., Fernandes F., Seaman B., Earl V., Collins A., Khaliq W., Adam R., Treus E., Holland S., Alfonso J., Blackledge B., Bruce M., Durrans L.J., Eltayeb A., Hey S., Hruska M., Lamb T., Rothwell J., Fitzgerald A., Lindergard G., T-Michael H., Duncan T., Baxter-Dore S., Fox C., Guerin J., Hodgkiss T., Connolly K., McAlinden P., Bridgett V., Fearby M., Gulati A., Hanson H., Kelly S., McCormack L., Nixon R., Robinson P., Slater V., Stephenson E., Webster A., Webster K., Hays C., Hudson A., Patel B., Clement I., Davis J., Francis S., Jerry D., Abernathy C., Foster L., Gratrix A., Cabral-Ortega L., Hines M., Martinson V., Stones E., Winter K., Barrow E., Wylie K., Baines D., Birchall K., Kolakaluri L., Clark R., Sukumaran A., Barker M., Paripoorani D., Taylor C., Downes C., Hayman M., Riches K., Daniel P., Subramanian D., Holding K., Hilton M., McDonald C., Richardson G., Halladay G., Harding P., Reddy A., Turner-Bone I., Wilding L., Parker R., Lloyd M., Smith L., Kelly C., Lazo M., Neal A., Walton O., Melville J., Naisbitt J., Joseph R., Callam S., Hudig L., Keshet-Price J., Stammers K., Convery K., Randell G., Fottrell-Gould D., Mwaura E., Sutherland S.-B., Stewart R., Mew L., Wren L., Thrasyvoulou L., Willis H., Hopkins B., Lenton D., Roberts A., Bokhari M., Lucas R., McCormick W., Ritzema J., Linnett V., Sanderson A., Wild H., Flanagan R., Hull R., Rhead K., McKenna E., Hughes G., Anderson J., Jones K., Latham S., Riley H., Coulding M., Clark M., McCormick J., Mercer O., Potla D., Rehman H., Savill H., Turner V., Jude E., Kilroy S., Apetri E., Basikolo C., Catlow L., Collis M., Doonan R., Harris J., Harvey A., Knowles K., Lee S., Lomas D., Lyons C., McMorrow L., Michael A., Pendlebury J., Perez J., Poulaka M., Proudfoot N., Slevin K., Thomas V., Walker D., Dark P., Charles B., McLaughlan D., Slaughter M., Horner D., Marsden T., Andrews J., Beech E., Akinkugbe O., Bamford A., Belfield H., Jones G.A.L., McHugh T., Meghari H., Ray S., Tomas A.L., O’Neill L., Peters M., Bell M., Benkenstein S., Chisholm C., Davies C., Kupiec K., Payne C., Halls J., Blakemore H., Goff E., Hayes K., Smith K., Stephens D., Worner R., Borislavova B., Faulkner B., Thomas M., Cookson R., Gendall E., Larman G., Pope R., Smalira A., Priestley V., Cosier T., Millen G., Rand J., Schumacher N., Sandhar R., Weston H., Richardson N., Cooper L., Jones C., Huang Y.-W.J., Jacob R., Denmade C., McIntyre L., Trodd D., Martin J., Watson G., Bevan E., Wreybrown C., Bano S., Bellwood R., Bentley M., Bromley M., Gurr L., Ledgard C., McGowan J., Pye K., Sellick K., Stacey A., Warren D., Wilkinson B., Akeroyd L., Shafique H., Morgan J., Shorter S., Swinger R., Waters E., Lawton T., Allan E., Darlington K., Davies F., Davies L., Easton J., Kumar S., Lean R., Mackay C., Pugh R., Qiu X., Rees S., Scanlon J., Lewis J., Menzies D., Bolger A., Davies G., Davies J., Garrod E., Jones H., Manley R., Williams H., Frankham J., Pitts S., White N., Branney D., Tiller H., Efford G., Garland Z., Grimmer L., Gumbrill B., Johnson R., Sweet K., Bewley J., Coleman C., Corcoran K., Morano E.M.H., Shiel R., Webster D., Bonnici J., Daniel E., Dell A., Kent M., Wilkinson A., Brown E., Kay A., Campbell S., Cowton A., Birt M., Greenaway V., Potts K., Hutton C., Shepperson A., Forsey M., Nicholson A., Vertue M., Riches J., Kaliappan A., MacCallum N., Raith E., Bercades G., Hass I., Brealey D., Martir G., Reyes A., Smyth D., Zapatamartinez M., Alvaro A., Jetha C., Ma L., Booker L., Mostoles L., Pratley A., Altabaibeh A.

Publicada: 1 ene 2023 Ahead of Print: 1 may 2023
Resumen:
Critical illness in COVID-19 is an extreme and clinically homogeneous disease phenotype that we have previously shown(1) to be highly efficient for discovery of genetic associations(2). Despite the advanced stage of illness at presentation, we have shown that host genetics in patients who are critically ill with COVID-19 can identify immunomodulatory therapies with strong beneficial effects in this group(3). Here we analyse 24,202 cases of COVID-19 with critical illness comprising a combination of microarray genotype and whole-genome sequencing data from cases of critical illness in the international GenOMICC (11,440 cases) study, combined with other studies recruiting hospitalized patients with a strong focus on severe and critical disease: ISARIC4C (676 cases) and the SCOURGE consortium (5,934 cases). To put these results in the context of existing work, we conduct a meta-analysis of the new GenOMICC genome-wide association study (GWAS) results with previously published data. We find 49 genome-wide significant associations, of which 16 have not been reported previously. To investigate the therapeutic implications of these findings, we infer the structural consequences of protein-coding variants, and combine our GWAS results with gene expression data using a monocyte transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) model, as well as gene and protein expression using Mendelian randomization. We identify potentially druggable targets in multiple systems, including inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte-macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A). An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte-macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Filiaciones:
Pairo-Castineira E.:
 Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Rawlik K.:
 Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Bretherick A.D.:
 Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Pain Service, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom

 Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Qi T.:
 School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China

 Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China

Wu Y.:
 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Nassiri I.:
 Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

McConkey G.A.:
 Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Zechner M.:
 Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Klaric L.:
 MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Griffiths F.:
 Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Oosthuyzen W.:
 Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Kousathanas A.:
 Genomics England, London, United Kingdom

Richmond A.:
 MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Russell C.D.:
 Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Malinauskas T.:
 Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Thwaites R.:
 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Morrice K.:
 Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Keating S.:
 Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Maslove D.:
 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen’s University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada

Nichol A.:
 Clinical Research Centre at St Vincent’s University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

 University College Dublin, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

Semple M.G.:
 NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

 Respiratory Medicine, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Institute in The Park, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

 Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Knight J.:
 Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Hinds C.:
 William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Horby P.:
 Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Ling L.:
 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong

McAuley D.:
 Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom

 Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom

Montgomery H.:
 UCL Centre for Human Health and Performance, London, United Kingdom

Openshaw P.J.M.:
 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

 Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Begg C.:
 Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Walsh T.:
 Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Tenesa A.:
 MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Flores C.:
 Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain

 Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain

 Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

 Department of Clinical Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain

Riancho J.A.:
 IDIVAL, Santander, Spain

 Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain

 Hospital U M Valdecilla, Santander, Spain

Rojas-Martinez A.:
 Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud and Hospital San Jose TecSalud, Monterrey, Mexico

Lapunzina P.:
 Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

 Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz-IDIPAZ, Madrid, Spain

 ERN-ITHACA-European Reference Network, Paris, France

Clohisey S.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Millar J.:
 Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Shankar-Hari M.:
 Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Aitkin E.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Aravindan L.:
 NIHR Clinical Research Network (CRN), North West London Core Team, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Armstrong R.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Baillie J.K.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Biggs H.:
 Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Boz C.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Brown A.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Chikowore P.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Coutts A.:
 Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Coyle J.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Cullum L.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Das S.:
 NIHR Clinical Research Network (CRN), North West London Core Team, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Day N.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Donnelly L.:
 Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Duncan E.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Finernan P.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Fourman M.H.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Furlong A.:
 Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Furniss J.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Gallagher B.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Gilchrist T.:
 Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Golightly A.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Hafezi K.:
 Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Hamilton D.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Hendry R.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Kearns N.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Law D.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Law R.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Law S.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Lidstone-Scott R.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Lauder C.:
 Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Macgillivray L.:
 Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Maclean A.:
 Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Mal H.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

McCafferty S.:
 Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

McMaster E.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Meikle J.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Moore S.C.:
 NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Murphy S.:
 NIHR Clinical Research Network (CRN), North West London Core Team, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Mybaya H.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Odam M.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 St John’s Hospital Livingston, Livingston, United Kingdom

Zheng C.:
 Biostatistics Group, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Chen J.:
 Biostatistics Group, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Parkinson N.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Paterson T.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Tucker P.:
 Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Schon K.:
 Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Stenhouse A.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Das M.:
 NIHR Clinical Research Network (CRN), North West London Core Team, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Swets M.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands

Szoor-McElhinney H.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Taneski F.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Turtle L.C.W.:
 NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Wackett T.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Ward M.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Weaver J.:
 Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Wrobel N.:
 Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Pan J.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Grau N.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Jones T.O.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Lim R.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Marotti M.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Whitton C.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Bociek A.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Campos S.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Arbane G.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Ostermann M.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Cha M.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

DAmato F.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Kosifidou E.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Lorah S.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Morera K.:
 Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Brady L.:
 James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

Hugill K.:
 James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

Henning J.:
 James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

Bonner S.:
 James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

Headlam E.:
 James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

Jones J.:
 James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

List A.:
 James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

Morley J.:
 James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

Welford A.:
 James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

Kamangu B.:
 James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

Ratnakumar A.:
 James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

Shoremekun A.:
 James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

Alldis Z.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Astin-Chamberlain R.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Bibi F.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Biddle J.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Blow S.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Bolton M.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Borra C.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Bowles R.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Burton M.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Choudhury Y.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Cox A.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Easthope A.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

 The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, United Kingdom

 Homerton University Hospital Foundation NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Ebano P.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Fotiadis S.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Gurasashvili J.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Halls R.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Hartridge P.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Kallon D.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Kassam J.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Lancoma-Malcolm I.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Matharu M.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

May P.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Mitchelmore O.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Newman T.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Patel M.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Pheby J.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Pinzuti I.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Prime Z.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Prysyazhna O.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Shiel J.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Taylor M.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Tierney C.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Zongo O.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Wood S.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Zak A.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Collier D.:
 Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Mundy M.:
 Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom

Thompson C.:
 Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom

Pritchard L.:
 Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom

Gellamucho M.:
 Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom

Cartlidge D.:
 Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom

Bandla N.:
 Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom

Bailey L.:
 Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom

Davies M.:
 Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom

Delaney J.:
 Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom

Scott L.:
 Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom

Abdelrazik M.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Alasdair F.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Carter D.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Elhassan M.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Ganesan A.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Lamond Z.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Purohit D.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Rohit K.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Saleem M.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Wall A.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Xavier K.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Bakthavatsalam D.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Gehad K.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Gnanapragasam P.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Jain K.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Jain S.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Malik A.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Pappachan N.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Moreno-Cuesta J.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Haldeos A.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Vincent R.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Oziegb M.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Cavazza A.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Cockrell M.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Corcoran E.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Depante M.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Finney C.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Jerome E.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Knighton A.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Nayak M.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Pappa E.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Saha R.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Saha S.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Dodd A.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

O’Reilly K.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

McPhail M.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Clarey E.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Noble H.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Smith J.:
 King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Coghlan P.:
 Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Brett S.:
 Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Gordon A.:
 Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Templeton M.:
 Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Antcliffe D.:
 Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Banach D.:
 Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Darnell S.:
 Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Fernandez Z.:
 Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Jepson E.:
 Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Mohammed A.:
 Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Rojo R.:
 Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Arias S.S.:
 Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Gurung A.T.:
 Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Fernandez-Roman J.:
 The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Hamilton D.O.:
 The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Johnson E.:
 The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Johnston B.:
 The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Martinez M.L.:
 The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Mulla S.:
 The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Waite A.A.C.:
 The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Williams K.:
 The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Waugh V.:
 The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Welters I.:
 The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Emblem J.:
 The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Norris M.:
 The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Shaw D.:
 The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Bashyal A.:
 John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Beer S.:
 John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Hutton P.:
 John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

McKechnie S.:
 John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Davidson N.:
 John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Mathew S.:
 John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Readion G.:
 John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Ryu J.:
 John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Wilson J.:
 John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Agrawal S.:
 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Elston K.:
 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Jones M.:
 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Meaney E.:
 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Polgarova P.:
 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Elbehery M.:
 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Summers C.:
 Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Daubney E.:
 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Ng A.:
 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Marshall J.:
 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Pathan N.:
 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Stroud K.:
 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

White D.:
 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Andrew A.:
 Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Ashraf S.:
 Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Clark A.:
 Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Dent M.:
 Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Langley M.:
 Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Peters C.:
 Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Ryan L.:
 Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Sampson J.:
 Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Wei S.:
 Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Baddeley A.:
 Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Meredith M.:
 Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Morris L.:
 Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Gibbons A.:
 Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

McLoughlin L.:
 Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Delgado C.C.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Clark V.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Dawson D.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Ding L.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Durrant G.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Ezeobu O.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Harrison A.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Hurt W.J.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Kanu R.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Kinch A.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Leaver S.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Lisboa A.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Mathew J.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Patel K.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Saluzzio R.P.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Rawlins J.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Samakomva T.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Shah N.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Sicat C.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Texeira J.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

De Queiroz J.G.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Da Gloria E.F.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Maccacari E.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Yun N.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Manna S.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Farnell-Ward S.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Maizcordoba M.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Thanasi M.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Ali H.H.:
 St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Hastings J.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Grauslyte L.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Hussain M.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Ruge B.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

King S.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Pogreban T.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Rosaroso L.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Smith H.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Phull M.-K.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Adams N.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Franke G.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

George A.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Salciute E.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Wong J.:
 Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Dunne K.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Flower L.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Sharland E.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Sra S.:
 BHRUT (Barking Havering)—Queens Hospital and King George Hospital, Ilford, United Kingdom

Andrew G.:
 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Callaghan M.:
 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Barclay L.:
 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Marshall L.:
 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Baillie K.:
 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Amamio M.:
 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Birch S.:
 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Briton K.:
 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Clark S.:
 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Doverman K.:
 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Hope D.:
 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Mcculloch C.:
 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Simpson S.:
 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Singleton J.:
 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Fernandez R.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Allen M.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Baptista D.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Crowe R.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Fox J.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Khera J.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Loveridge A.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

McKenley I.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Morino E.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Naranjo A.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

O’Connor D.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Simms R.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Sollesta K.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Swain A.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Venkatesh H.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

 Frimley Park Hospital, Camberley, United Kingdom

Herdman-Grant R.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Joseph A.:
 Kingston Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Nown A.:
 Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

Rose S.:
 Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

Pogson D.:
 Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

Boxall H.:
 Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

Brimfield L.:
 Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

Claridge H.:
 Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

Daly Z.:
 Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

George S.:
 Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

Gribbin A.:
 Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

Cheema Y.:
 Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom

Cutler S.:
 Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom

Richards O.:
 Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom

Roynon-Reed A.:
 Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom

Cherian S.:
 Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom

Heron A.E.:
 Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom

Jenkins S.:
 North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Clark R.:
 Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
ISSN: 00280836
Editorial
NATURE PORTFOLIO, HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY, Reino Unido
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 617 Número: 7962
Páginas: 764-768
WOS Id: 000991828800001
ID de PubMed: 37198478
imagen Green Published, Green Submitted, hybrid, All Open Access; Green Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access

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