Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Por:
Vos, T, Flaxman, AD, Naghavi, M, Lozano, R, Michaud, C, Ezzati, M, Shibuya, K, Salomon, JA, Abdalla, S, Aboyans, V, Abraham, J, Ackerman, I, Aggarwal, R, Ahn, SY, Ali, MK, Alvarado, M, Anderson, HR, Anderson, LM, Andrews, KG, Atkinson, C, Baddour, LM, Bahalim, AN, Barker-Collo, S, Barrero, LH, Bartels, DH, Basanez, MG, Baxter, A, Bell, ML, Benjamin, EJ, Bennett, D, Bernabe, E, Bhalla, K, Bhandari, B, Bikbov, B, Bin Abdulhak, A, Birbeck, G, Black, JA, Blencowe, H, Blore, JD, Blyth, F, Bolliger, I, Bonaventure, A, Boufous, SA, Bourne, R, Boussinesq, M, Braithwaite, T, Brayne, C, Bridgett, L, Brooker, S, Brooks, P, Brugha, TS, Bryan-Hancock, C, Bucello, C, Buchbinder, R, Buckle, GR, Budke, CM, Burch, M, Burney, P, Burstein, R, Calabria, B, Campbell, B, Canter, CE, Carabin, H, Carapetis, J, Carmona, L, Cella, C, Charlson, F, Chen, HL, Cheng, ATA, Chou, D, Chugh, SS, Coffeng, LE, Colan, SD, Colquhoun, S, Colson, KE, Condon, J, Connor, MD, Cooper, LT, Corriere, M, Cortinovis, M, de Vaccaro, KC, Couser, W, Cowie, BC, Criqui, MH, Cross, M, Dabhadkar, KC, Dahiya, M, Dahodwala, N, Damsere-Derry, J, Danaei, G, Davis, A, De Leo, D, Degenhardt, L, Dellavalle, R, Delossantos, A, Denenberg, J, Derrett, S, Des Jarlais, DC, Dharmaratne, SD, Dherani, M, Diaz-Torne, C, Dolk, H, Dorsey, ER, Driscoll, T, Duber, H, Ebel, B, Edmond, K, Elbaz, A, Ali, SE, Erskine, H, Erwin, PJ, Espindola, P, Ewoigbokhan, SE, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, V, Felson, DT, Ferrari, A, Ferri, CP, Fevre, EM, Finucane, MM, Flaxman, S, Flood, L, Foreman, K, Forouzanfar, MH, Fowkes, FGR, Franklin, R, Fransen, M, Freeman, MK, Gabbe, BJ, Gabriel, SE, Gakidou, E, Ganatra, HA, Garcia, B, Gaspari, F, Gillum, RF, Gmel, G, Gosselin, R, Grainger, R, Groeger, J, Guillemin, F, Gunnell, D, Gupta, R, Haagsma, J, Hagan, H, Halasa, YA, Hall, W, Haring, D, Haro, JM, Harrison, JE, Havmoeller, R, Hay, RJ, Higashi, H, Hill, C, Hoen, B, Hoffman, H, Hotez, PJ, Hoy, D, Huang, JJ, Ibeanusi, SE, Jacobsen, KH, James, SL, Jarvis, D, Jasrasaria, R, Jayaraman, S, Johns, N, Jonas, JB, Karthikeyan, G, Kassebaum, N, Kawakami, N, Keren, A, Khoo, JP, King, CH, Knowlton, LM, Kobusingye, O, Koranteng, A, Krishnamurthi, R, Lalloo, R, Laslett, LL, Lathlean, T, Leasher, JL, Lee, YY, Leigh, J, Lim, SS, Limb, E, Lin, JK, Lipnick, M, Lipshultz, SE, Liu, W, Loane, M, Ohno, SL, Lyons, R, Ma, JX, Mabweijano, J, MacIntyre, MF, Malekzadeh, R, Mallinger, L, Manivannan, S, Marcenes, W, March, L, Margolis, DJ, Marks, GB, Marks, R, Matsumori, A, Matzopoulos, R, Mayosi, BM, McAnulty, JH, McDermott, MM, McGill, N, McGrath, J, Medina-Mora, ME, Meltzer, M, Mensah, GA, Merriman, TR, Meyer, AC, Miglioli, V, Miller, M, Miller, TR, Mitchell, PB, Mocumbi, AO, Moffitt, TE, Mokdad, AA, Monasta, L, Montico, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moran, A, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Murdoch, ME, Mwaniki, MK, Naidoo, K, Nair, MN, Naldi, L, Narayan, KMV, Nelson, PK, Nelson, RG, Nevitt, MC, Newton, CR, Nolte, S, Norman, P, Norman, R, O'Donnell, M, O'Hanlon, S, Olives, C, Omer, SB, Ortblad, K, Osborne, R, Ozgediz, D, Page, A, Pahari, B, Pandian, JD, Rivero, AP, Patten, SB, Pearce, N, Padilla, RP, Perez-Ruiz, F, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Phillips, D, Phillips, MR, Pierce, K, Pion, S, Polanczyk, GV, Polinder, S, Pope, CA, Popova, S, Porrini, E, Pourmalek, F, Prince, M, Pullan, RL, Ramaiah, KD, Ranganathan, D, Razavi, H, Regan, M, Rehm, JT, Rein, DB, Remuzzi, G, Richardson, K, Rivara, FP, Roberts, T, Robinson, C, De Leon, FR, Ronfani, L, Room, R, Rosenfeld, LC, Rushton, L, Sacco, RL, Saha, S, Sampson, U, Sanchez-Riera, L, Sanman, E, Schwebel, DC, Scott, JG, Segui-Gomez, M, Shahraz, S, Shepard, DS, Shin, H, Shivakoti, R, Singh, D, Singh, GM, Singh, JA, Singleton, J, Sleet, DA, Sliwa, K, Smith, E, Smith, JL, Stapelberg, NJC, Steer, A, Steiner, T, Stolk, WA, Stovner, LJ, Sudfeld, C, Syed, S, Tamburlini, G, Tavakkoli, M, Taylor, HR, Taylor, JA, Taylor, WJ, Thomas, B, Thomson, WM, Thurston, GD, Tleyjeh, IM, Tonelli, M, Towbin, JRA, Truelsen, T, Tsilimbaris, MK, Ubeda, C, Undurraga, EA, van der Werf, MJ, van Os, J, Vavilala, MS, Venketasubramanian, N, Wang, MR, Wang, WZ, Watt, K, Weatherall, DJ, Weinstock, MA, Weintraub, R, Weisskopf, MG, Weissman, MM, White, RA, Whiteford, H, Wiersma, ST, Wilkinson, JD, Williams, HC, Williams, SRM, Witt, E, Wolfe, F, Woolf, AD, Wulf, S, Yeh, PH, Zaidi, AKM, Zheng, ZJ, Zonies, D, Lopez, AD, Murray, CJL
Publicada:
15 dic 2012
Resumen:
Background Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs).
Methods Of the 291 diseases and injuries in the GBD cause list, 289 cause disability. For 1160 sequelae of the 289 diseases and injuries, we undertook a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, remission, duration, and excess mortality. Sources included published studies, case notification, population-based cancer registries, other disease registries, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, hospital discharge data, ambulatory care data, household surveys, other surveys, and cohort studies. For most sequelae, we used a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR, designed to address key limitations in descriptive epidemiological data, including missing data, inconsistency, and large methodological variation between data sources. For some disorders, we used natural history models, geospatial models, back-calculation models (models calculating incidence from population mortality rates and case fatality), or registration completeness models (models adjusting for incomplete registration with health-system access and other covariates). Disability weights for 220 unique health states were used to capture the severity of health loss. YLDs by cause at age, sex, country, and year levels were adjusted for comorbidity with simulation methods. We included uncertainty estimates at all stages of the analysis.
Findings Global prevalence for all ages combined in 2010 across the 1160 sequelae ranged from fewer than one case per 1 million people to 350 000 cases per 1 million people. Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient -0.37). In 2010, there were 777 million YLDs from all causes, up from 583 million in 1990. The main contributors to global YLDs were mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes or endocrine diseases. The leading specific causes of YLDs were much the same in 2010 as they were in 1990: low back pain, major depressive disorder, iron-deficiency anaemia, neck pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety disorders, migraine, diabetes, and falls. Age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010. Regional patterns of the leading causes of YLDs were more similar compared with years of life lost due to premature mortality. Neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and anaemia were important causes of YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa.
Interpretation Rates of YLDs per 100 000 people have remained largely constant over time but rise steadily with age. Population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades. Prevalences of the most common causes of YLDs, such as mental and behavioural disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, have not decreased. Health systems will need to address the needs of the rising numbers of individuals with a range of disorders that largely cause disability but not mortality. Quantification of the burden of non-fatal health outcomes will be crucial to understand how well health systems are responding to these challenges. Effective and affordable strategies to deal with this rising burden are an urgent priority for health systems in most parts of the world.
Filiaciones:
Vos, T:
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Flaxman, AD:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Naghavi, M:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Lozano, R:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Michaud, C:
China Med Board, Boston, MA USA
Ezzati, M:
Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, MRC HPA Ctr Environm & Hlth, London, England
Shibuya, K:
Univ Tokyo, Dept Global Hlth Policy, Tokyo, Japan
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Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Dupuytren Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Limoges, France
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Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
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Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Anderson, HR:
St Georges Univ London, London, England
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Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA
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Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Sch Engn, Dept Ind Engn, Bogota, Colombia
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Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA
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Kings Coll London, Inst Dent, London WC2R 2LS, England
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Queen Mary Univ London, Inst Dent, London, England
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Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Bldg & Rd Res Inst, Kumasi, Ghana
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MRC Hearing & Commun Grp, Manchester, Lancs, England
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Univ Melbourne, Ctr Hlth Policy Programs & Econ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Denver VA Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA
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Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA
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Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA
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Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England
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Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
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INSERM, Paris, France
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Fed Minist Hlth, Khartoum, Sudan
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Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA
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Hosp Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Emerald Publ Hlth Consulting Serv Ltd, Abuja, Nigeria
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Auckland Tech Univ, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand
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Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA
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Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Harvard Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Fowkes, FGR:
Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
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Royal Life Saving Soc, Sydney, NSW, Australia
James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
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Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia
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Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy
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Howard Univ, Coll Med, Washington, DC USA
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Addict Info Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Coll Med, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA
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Univ Lorraine, Nancy, France
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Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England
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St Georges Univ London, London, England
Hagan, H:
NYU, New York, NY USA
Halasa, YA:
Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Univ Barcelona, CIBERSAM, St Bio De Llobregat, Spain
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Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Inst Heart, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kings Coll London, Hosp NHS Trust, London WC2R 2LS, England
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Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Univ Franche Comte, F-25030 Besancon, France
Ctr Hosp Reg Univ Besancon, Besancon, France
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NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
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Baylor Coll Med, Natl Sch Trop Med, Waco, TX USA
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Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA
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Univ Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany
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All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India
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Univ Washington, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Sch, Dept Cardiol, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel
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Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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Harvard Univ, Harvard Humanitarian Initiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Makerere Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda
Univ S Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Kumasi, Ghana
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Griffith Univ, Sch Dent & Oral Hlth, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia
Griffith Univ, Populat & Social Hlth Res Program, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia
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Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
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Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Nova SE Univ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA
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Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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St Georges Univ London, London, England
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Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA
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Harvard Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Univ Ulster, Ulster, Ireland
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Swansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, Wales
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China Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China
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Mulago Hosp, Kampala, Uganda
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA
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Univ Sydney, Inst Bone & Joint Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Asian Pacific Soc Cardiol, Kyoto, Japan
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MRC, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Legacy Hlth Syst, Portland, OR USA
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Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Evanston, IL USA
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Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon de la Fuente, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
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Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
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Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa
Merriman, TR:
Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy
Miller, M:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA
Mitchell, PB:
Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Mocumbi, AO:
Natl Inst Hlth, Maputo, Mozambique
Univ Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
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Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Monasta, L:
IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
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IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
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Queensland Univ Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia
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Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan
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Watford Dist Gen Hosp, Watford, England
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Kemri Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya
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Univ KwaZulu Natal, AVRI, Durban, South Africa
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Naldi, L:
Ctr Studi GISED, Bergamo, Italy
Nelson, PK:
Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Nelson, RG:
NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
Nevitt, MC:
Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Nolte, S:
Charite, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
Norman, R:
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
O'Donnell, M:
Natl Univ Ireland Galway, HRB Clin Res Facil, Galway, Ireland
Omer, SB:
Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA
Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Deakin Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Ozgediz, D:
Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA
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Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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BP Koirala Inst Hlth Sci, Dharan, Nepal
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Betty Cowan Res & Innovat Ctr, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Hosp Joan 23, La Paz, Bolivia
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Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
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Inst Nacl Enfermedades Resp, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
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Hosp Univ Cruces, Baracaldo, Spain
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Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy
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Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China
Pierce, K:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Polanczyk, GV:
Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Polinder, S:
Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Publ Hlth, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Pope, CA:
Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA
Popova, S:
Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada
Porrini, E:
Hosp Univ Canarias, Tenerif, Spain
Pourmalek, F:
Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Prince, M:
Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England
Pullan, RL:
London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
Ramaiah, KD:
Vector Control Res Ctr, Pondicherry, India
Ranganathan, D:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Razavi, H:
Ctr Dis Anal, Louisville, CO USA
Regan, M:
Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
Rehm, JT:
Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada
Rein, DB:
Univ Chicago, NORC, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
Remuzzi, G:
Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy
Richardson, K:
Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England
Roberts, T:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
De Leon, FR:
Complejo Hosp Caja Seguro Social, Panama City, Panama
Ronfani, L:
IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Room, R:
Univ Melbourne, Sch Populat Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Turning Point Alcohol & Drug Ctr, Ctr Alcohol Policy Res, Fitzroy, SA, Australia
Rosenfeld, LC:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Sacco, RL:
Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA
Saha, S:
Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Sampson, U:
Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA
Sanchez-Riera, L:
Univ Sydney, Inst Bone & Joint Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Sanman, E:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Schwebel, DC:
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
Scott, JG:
Univ Queensland, Clin Res Ctr, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Segui-Gomez, M:
Minist Interior, Madrid, Spain
Shahraz, S:
Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA
Shepard, DS:
Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA
Shin, H:
Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada
Singh, D:
Queens Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA
Singh, GM:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Singh, JA:
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
Singleton, J:
Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sleet, DA:
Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA
Sliwa, K:
Univ Cape Town, Hatter Inst, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa
Smith, E:
Univ Sydney, No Clin Sch, Dept Rheumatol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Smith, JL:
London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
Steer, A:
Univ Melbourne, Ctr Int Child Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Stovner, LJ:
Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Neurosci, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
Sudfeld, C:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Syed, S:
Agwa Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan
Tamburlini, G:
IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Tavakkoli, M:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Taylor, JA:
Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Taylor, WJ:
Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Thomson, WM:
Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Thurston, GD:
NYU, New York, NY USA
Tleyjeh, IM:
King Fahad Med City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Tonelli, M:
Univ Alberta, Alberta Kidney Dis Network, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Towbin, JRA:
Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH USA
Truelsen, T:
Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Herlev, Denmark
Tsilimbaris, MK:
Univ Crete, Sch Med, Iraklion, Greece
Ubeda, C:
ANLIS, Inst Nacl Epidemiol, Malbran, Argentina
Undurraga, EA:
Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA
van der Werf, MJ:
KNCV TB Fdn, The Hague, Netherlands
van Os, J:
Maastricht Univ Med Ctr, Maastricht, Netherlands
Venketasubramanian, N:
Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore
Wang, MR:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Wang, WZ:
Capital Med Univ, Beijing Neurosurg Inst, Beijing, Peoples R China
Watt, K:
James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
Weinstock, MA:
Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA
Weintraub, R:
Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Royal Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Weisskopf, MG:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Weissman, MM:
Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA
White, RA:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Whiteford, H:
Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Wilkinson, JD:
Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA
Williams, HC:
Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England
Williams, SRM:
Univ Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
Wolfe, F:
Arthrit Res, Wichita, KS USA
Woolf, AD:
Royal Cornwall Hosp, Truro, England
Wulf, S:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Yeh, PH:
London Sch Econ, London WC2A 2AE, England
Zaidi, AKM:
Agwa Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan
Zheng, ZJ:
Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China
Zonies, D:
Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany
Lopez, AD:
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Murray, CJL:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Green Accepted, Green Published, Green Submitted
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