Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Por:
Murray, CJL, Vos, T, Lozano, R, Naghavi, M, Flaxman, AD, Michaud, C, Ezzati, M, Shibuya, K, Salomon, JA, Abdalla, S, Aboyans, V, Abraham, J, Ackerman, I, Aggarwal, R, Ahn, SY, Ali, MK, Alvarado, M, Anderson, HR, Anderson, LM, Andrews, KG, Atkinson, C, Baddour, LM, Bahalim, AN, Barker-Collo, S, Barrero, LH, Bartels, DH, Basanez, MG, Baxter, A, Bell, ML, Benjamin, EJ, Bennett, D, Bernabe, E, Bhalla, K, Bhandari, B, Bikbov, B, Bin Abdulhak, A, Birbeck, G, Black, JA, Blencowe, H, Blore, JD, Blyth, F, Bolliger, I, Bonaventure, A, Boufous, SA, Bourne, R, Boussinesq, M, Braithwaite, T, Brayne, C, Bridgett, L, Brooker, S, Brooks, P, Brugha, TS, Bryan-Hancock, C, Bucello, C, Buchbinder, R, Buckle, G, Budke, CM, Burch, M, Burney, P, Burstein, R, Calabria, B, Campbell, B, Canter, CE, Carabin, H, Carapetis, J, Carmona, L, Cella, C, Charlson, F, Chen, HL, Cheng, ATA, Chou, D, Chugh, SS, Coffeng, LE, Colan, SD, Colquhoun, S, Colson, KE, Condon, J, Connor, MD, Cooper, LT, Corriere, M, Cortinovis, M, De Vaccaro, KC, Couser, W, Cowie, BC, Criqui, MH, Cross, M, Dabhadkar, KC, Dahiya, M, Dahodwala, N, Damsere-Derry, J, Danaei, G, Davis, A, De Leo, D, Degenhardt, L, Dellavalle, R, Delossantos, A, Denenberg, J, Derrett, S, Des Jarlais, DC, Dharmaratne, SD, Dherani, M, Diaz-Torne, C, Dolk, H, Dorsey, ER, Driscoll, T, Duber, H, Ebel, B, Edmond, K, Elbaz, A, Ali, SE, Erskine, H, Erwin, PJ, Espindola, P, Ewoigbokhan, SE, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, V, Felson, DT, Ferrari, A, Ferri, CP, Fevre, EM, Finucane, MM, Flaxman, S, Flood, L, Foreman, K, Forouzanfar, MH, Fowkes, FGR, Fransen, M, Freeman, MK, Gabbe, BJ, Gabriel, SE, Gakidou, E, Ganatra, HA, Garcia, B, Gaspari, F, Gillum, RF, Gmel, G, Gonzalez-Medina, D, Gosselin, R, Grainger, R, Grant, B, Groeger, J, Guillemin, F, Gunnell, D, Gupta, R, Haagsma, J, Hagan, H, Halasa, YA, Hall, W, Haring, D, Haro, JM, Harrison, JE, Havmoeller, R, Hay, RJ, Higashi, H, Hill, C, Hoen, B, Hoffman, H, Hotez, PJ, Hoy, D, Huang, JJ, Ibeanusi, SE, Jacobsen, KH, James, SL, Jarvis, D, Jasrasaria, R, Jayaraman, S, Johns, N, Jonas, JB, Karthikeyan, G, Kassebaum, N, Kawakami, N, Keren, A, Khoo, JP, King, CH, Knowlton, LM, Kobusingye, O, Koranteng, A, Krishnamurthi, R, Laden, F, Lalloo, R, Laslett, LL, Lathlean, T, Leasher, JL, Lee, YY, Leigh, J, Levinson, D, Lim, SS, Limb, E, Lin, JK, Lipnick, M, Lipshultz, SE, Liu, W, Loane, M, Ohno, SL, Lyons, R, Mabweijano, J, MacIntyre, MF, Malekzadeh, R, Mallinger, L, Manivannan, S, Marcenes, W, March, L, Margolis, DJ, Marks, GB, Marks, R, Matsumori, A, Matzopoulos, R, Mayosi, BM, McAnulty, JH, McDermott, MM, McGill, N, McGrath, J, Medina-Mora, ME, Meltzer, M, Mensah, GA, Merriman, TR, Meyer, AC, Miglioli, V, Miller, M, Miller, TR, Mitchell, PB, Mock, C, Mocumbi, AO, Moffitt, TE, Mokdad, AA, Monasta, L, Montico, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moran, A, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Murdoch, ME, Mwaniki, MK, Naidoo, K, Nair, MN, Naldi, L, Narayan, KMV, Nelson, PK, Nelson, RG, Nevitt, MC, Newton, CR, Nolte, S, Norman, P, Norman, R, O'Donnell, M, O'Hanlon, S, Olives, C, Omer, SB, Ortblad, K, Osborne, R, Ozgediz, D, Page, A, Pahari, B, Pandian, JD, Rivero, AP, Patten, SB, Pearce, N, Padilla, RP, Perez-Ruiz, F, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Phillips, D, Phillips, MR, Pierce, K, Pion, S, Polanczyk, GV, Polinder, S, Pope, CA, Popova, S, Porrini, E, Pourmalek, F, Prince, M, Pullan, RL, Ramaiah, KD, Ranganathan, D, Razavi, H, Regan, M, Rehm, JT, Rein, DB, Remuzzi, G, Richardson, K, Rivara, FP, Roberts, T, Robinson, C, De Leon, FR, Ronfani, L, Room, R, Rosenfeld, LC, Rushton, L, Sacco, RL, Saha, S, Sampson, U, Sanchez-Riera, L, Sanman, E, Schwebel, DC, Scott, JG, Segui-Gomez, M, Shahraz, S, Shepard, DS, Shin, H, Shivakoti, R, Singh, D, Singh, GM, Singh, JA, Singleton, J, Sleet, DA, Sliwa, K, Smith, E, Smith, JL, Stapelberg, NJC, Steer, A, Steiner, T, Stolk, WA, Stovner, LJ, Sudfeld, C, Syed, S, Tamburlini, G, Tavakkoli, M, Taylor, HR, Taylor, JA, Taylor, WJ, Thomas, B, Thomson, WM, Thurston, GD, Tleyjeh, IM, Tonelli, M, Towbin, JRA, Truelsen, T, Tsilimbaris, MK, Ubeda, C, Undurraga, EA, van der Werf, MJ, van Os, J, Vavilala, MS, Venketasubramanian, N, Wang, MR, Wang, WZ, Watt, K, Weatherall, DJ, Weinstock, MA, Weintraub, R, Weisskopf, MG, Weissman, MM, White, RA, Whiteford, H, Wiebe, N, Wiersma, ST, Wilkinson, JD, Williams, HC, Williams, SRM, Witt, E, Wolfe, F, Woolf, AD, Wulf, S, Yeh, PH, Zaidi, AKM, Zheng, ZJ, Zonies, D, Lopez, AD
Publicada:
15 dic 2012
Resumen:
Background Measuring disease and injury burden in populations requires a composite metric that captures both premature mortality and the prevalence and severity of ill-health. The 1990 Global Burden of Disease study proposed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to measure disease burden. No comprehensive update of disease burden worldwide incorporating a systematic reassessment of disease and injury-specific epidemiology has been done since the 1990 study. We aimed to calculate disease burden worldwide and for 21 regions for 1990, 2005, and 2010 with methods to enable meaningful comparisons over time.
Methods We calculated DALYs as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were calculated for 291 causes, 20 age groups, both sexes, and for 187 countries, and aggregated to regional and global estimates of disease burden for three points in time with strictly comparable definitions and methods. YLLs were calculated from age-sex-country-time-specific estimates of mortality by cause, with death by standardised lost life expectancy at each age. YLDs were calculated as prevalence of 1160 disabling sequelae, by age, sex, and cause, and weighted by new disability weights for each health state. Neither YLLs nor YLDs were age-weighted or discounted. Uncertainty around cause-specific DALYs was calculated incorporating uncertainty in levels of all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, prevalence, and disability weights.
Findings Global DALYs remained stable from 1990 (2.503 billion) to 2010 (2.490 billion). Crude DALYs per 1000 decreased by 23% (472 per 1000 to 361 per 1000). An important shift has occurred in DALY composition with the contribution of deaths and disability among children (younger than 5 years of age) declining from 41% of global DALYs in 1990 to 25% in 2010. YLLs typically account for about half of disease burden in more developed regions (high-income Asia Pacific, western Europe, high-income North America, and Australasia), rising to over 80% of DALYs in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1990, 47% of DALYs worldwide were from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, 43% from non-communicable diseases, and 10% from injuries. By 2010, this had shifted to 35%, 54%, and 11%, respectively. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading cause of DALYs worldwide in 2010 (up from fourth rank in 1990, increasing by 29%), followed by lower respiratory infections (top rank in 1990; 44% decline in DALYs), stroke (fifth in 1990; 19% increase), diarrhoeal diseases (second in 1990; 51% decrease), and HIV/AIDS (33rd in 1990; 351% increase). Major depressive disorder increased from 15th to 11th rank (37% increase) and road injury from 12th to 10th rank (34% increase). Substantial heterogeneity exists in rankings of leading causes of disease burden among regions.
Interpretation Global disease burden has continued to shift away from communicable to non-communicable diseases and from premature death to years lived with disability. In sub-Saharan Africa, however, many communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders remain the dominant causes of disease burden. The rising burden from mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes will impose new challenges on health systems. Regional heterogeneity highlights the importance of understanding local burden of disease and setting goals and targets for the post-2015 agenda taking such patterns into account. Because of improved definitions, methods, and data, these results for 1990 and 2010 supersede all previously published Global Burden of Disease results.
Filiaciones:
Murray, CJL:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Vos, T:
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Lozano, R:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Naghavi, M:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Flaxman, AD:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Michaud, C:
China Med Board, Boston, MA USA
Ezzati, M:
Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, MRC HPA Ctr Environm & Hlth, London, England
Shibuya, K:
Univ Tokyo, Dept Global Hlth Policy, Tokyo, Japan
Salomon, JA:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Aboyans, V:
Dupuytren Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Limoges, France
Abraham, J:
Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
Aggarwal, R:
Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ahn, SY:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Alvarado, M:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Anderson, HR:
St Georges Univ London, London, England
Anderson, LM:
Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Baddour, LM:
Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA
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Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand
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Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Sch Engn, Dept Ind Engn, Bogota, Colombia
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Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA
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Univ Oxford, Clin Trial Serv Unit, Oxford, England
Univ Oxford, Epidemiol Studies Unit, Oxford, England
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Kings Coll London, Inst Dent, London WC2R 2LS, England
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Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Moscow State Univ Med & Dent, Res Inst Transplantol & Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
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King Fahad Med City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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MRC, Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge, England
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London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
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Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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INSERM, Paris, France
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Anglia Ruskin Univ, Vis & Eye Res Unit, Cambridge, England
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London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
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Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England
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Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Cabrini Inst, Malvern, Vic, Australia
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Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA
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Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA
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Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, London WC1N 3JH, England
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA
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Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA
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Univ Western Australia, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Univ Camilo Jose Cela, Villanueva De La Canada, Spain
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Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA
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Acad Sinica, Inst Biomed Sci, Taipei, Taiwan
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Darwin, NT, Australia
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Natl Hlth Serv, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Loyola Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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Wake Forest Univ, Sch Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA
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Hosp Dr Gustavo N Collado, Puerto Chitre, Panama
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Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA
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Queen Mary Univ London, Inst Dent, London, England
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Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Bldg & Rd Res Inst, Kumasi, Ghana
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Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Davis, A:
MRC Hearing & Commun Grp, Manchester, Lancs, England
Degenhardt, L:
Univ Melbourne, Ctr Hlth Policy Programs & Econ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Dellavalle, R:
Denver VA Med Ctr, Denver, VA USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA
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Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Des Jarlais, DC:
Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA
Dharmaratne, SD:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Univ Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Dherani, M:
Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England
Diaz-Torne, C:
Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Univ Ulster, Ulster, Ireland
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Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
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INSERM, Paris, France
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Fed Minist Hlth, Khartoum, Sudan
Erskine, H:
Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Erwin, PJ:
Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA
Espindola, P:
Hosp Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Emerald Publ Hlth Consulting Serv Ltd, Abuja, Nigeria
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Auckland Tech Univ, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand
Felson, DT:
Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA
Ferrari, A:
Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Fevre, EM:
Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Finucane, MM:
Harvard Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Flaxman, S:
Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Flood, L:
Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Forouzanfar, MH:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Fowkes, FGR:
Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Fransen, M:
Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Freeman, MK:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Gabbe, BJ:
Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia
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Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA
Gakidou, E:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Gaspari, F:
Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy
Gillum, RF:
Howard Univ, Coll Med, Washington, DC USA
Gmel, G:
Addict Info Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
Gonzalez-Medina, D:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Grainger, R:
Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Groeger, J:
Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Coll Med, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA
Guillemin, F:
Univ Lorraine, Nancy, France
Gunnell, D:
Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England
Gupta, R:
St Georges Univ London, London, England
Hagan, H:
NYU, New York, NY USA
Halasa, YA:
Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA
Haring, D:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Haro, JM:
Univ Barcelona, CIBERSAM, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain
Harrison, JE:
Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Havmoeller, R:
Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Inst Heart, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kings Coll London, Hosp NHS Trust, London WC2R 2LS, England
Higashi, H:
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Hill, C:
Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Hoen, B:
Univ Franche Comte, F-25030 Besancon, France
Ctr Hosp Reg Univ Besancon, Besancon, France
Hoffman, H:
NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
Hotez, PJ:
Baylor Coll Med, Natl Sch Trop Med, Waco, TX USA
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Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA
Ibeanusi, SE:
Univ Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Jasrasaria, R:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Jayaraman, S:
Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Jonas, JB:
Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany
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All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India
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Univ Washington, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Keren, A:
Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Sch, Dept Cardiol, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel
Khoo, JP:
Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
King, CH:
Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Knowlton, LM:
Harvard Univ, Harvard Humanitarian Initiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Makerere Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda
Univ S Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Kumasi, Ghana
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Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Lalloo, R:
Griffith Univ, Sch Dent & Oral Hlth, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia
Griffith Univ, Populat & Social Hlth Res Program, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia
Laslett, LL:
Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
Lathlean, T:
Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Leasher, JL:
Nova SE Univ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA
Lee, YY:
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Leigh, J:
Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Levinson, D:
Minist Hlth, Jerusalem, Israel
Lim, SS:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Limb, E:
St Georges Univ London, London, England
Lin, JK:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Lipshultz, SE:
Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA
Liu, W:
Harvard Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Loane, M:
Univ Ulster, Ulster, Ireland
Ohno, SL:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Lyons, R:
Swansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, Wales
Mabweijano, J:
Mulago Hosp, Kampala, Uganda
MacIntyre, MF:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Malekzadeh, R:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Mallinger, L:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Manivannan, S:
Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA
March, L:
Univ Sydney, Inst Bone & Joint Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Margolis, DJ:
Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Matsumori, A:
Asian Pacific Soc Cardiol, Kyoto, Japan
Matzopoulos, R:
MRC, Tygerberg, South Africa
McAnulty, JH:
Legacy Hlth Syst, Portland, OR USA
McDermott, MM:
Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Evanston, IL USA
McGrath, J:
Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Medina-Mora, ME:
Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon de la Fuente, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Meltzer, M:
Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
Mensah, GA:
Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa
Merriman, TR:
Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Miglioli, V:
Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy
Miller, M:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Miller, TR:
Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA
Mitchell, PB:
Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Mocumbi, AO:
Natl Inst Hlth, Maputo, Mozambique
Univ Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
Moffitt, TE:
Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA
Mokdad, AA:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Monasta, L:
IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Montico, M:
IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Morawska, L:
Queensland Univ Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia
Mori, R:
Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan
Murdoch, ME:
Watford Dist Gen Hosp, Watford, England
Mwaniki, MK:
Kemri Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya
Naidoo, K:
Univ KwaZulu Natal, AVRI, Durban, South Africa
Nair, MN:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Naldi, L:
Ctr Studi GISED, Bergamo, Italy
Nelson, PK:
Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Nelson, RG:
NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
Nevitt, MC:
Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Nolte, S:
Charite, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
Norman, R:
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
O'Donnell, M:
Natl Univ Ireland Galway, HRB Clin Res Facil, Galway, Ireland
Omer, SB:
Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA
Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA
Ortblad, K:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Osborne, R:
Deakin Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Ozgediz, D:
Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA
Page, A:
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Pahari, B:
BP Koirala Inst Hlth Sci, Dharan, Nepal
Pandian, JD:
Betty Cowan Res & Innovat Ctr, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Rivero, AP:
Hosp Joan 23, La Paz, Bolivia
Patten, SB:
Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Pearce, N:
London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
Padilla, RP:
Inst Nacl Enfermedades Resp, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Perez-Ruiz, F:
Hosp Univ Cruces, Baracaldo, Spain
Perico, N:
Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy
Pesudovs, K:
Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Phillips, D:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Phillips, MR:
Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Sch Med, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China
Pierce, K:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Polanczyk, GV:
Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Polinder, S:
Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Pope, CA:
Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA
Popova, S:
Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada
Porrini, E:
Hosp Univ Canarias, Tenerif, Spain
Pourmalek, F:
Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Prince, M:
Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England
Pullan, RL:
London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
Ramaiah, KD:
Vector Control Res Ctr, Pondicherry, India
Ranganathan, D:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Razavi, H:
Ctr Dis Anal, Louisville, CO USA
Regan, M:
Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
Rehm, JT:
Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada
Rein, DB:
Univ Chicago, NORC, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
Remuzzi, G:
Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy
Richardson, K:
Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England
Roberts, T:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
De Leon, FR:
Complejo Hosp Caja Seguro Social, Panama City, Panama
Ronfani, L:
IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Room, R:
Univ Melbourne, Sch Populat Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Turning Point Alcohol & Drug Ctr, Ctr Alcohol Policy Res, Fitzroy, SA, Australia
Rosenfeld, LC:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Sacco, RL:
Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA
Saha, S:
Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Sampson, U:
Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA
Sanchez-Riera, L:
Univ Sydney, Inst Bone & Joint Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Sanman, E:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Schwebel, DC:
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
Scott, JG:
Univ Queensland, Clin Res Ctr, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Segui-Gomez, M:
Minist Interior, Madrid, Spain
Shahraz, S:
Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA
Shepard, DS:
Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA
Shin, H:
Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada
Singh, D:
Queens Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA
Singh, GM:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Singh, JA:
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
Singleton, J:
Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sleet, DA:
Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA
Sliwa, K:
Univ Cape Town, Hatter Inst, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa
Smith, E:
Univ Sydney, No Clin Sch, Dept Rheumatol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Smith, JL:
London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
Steer, A:
Univ Melbourne, Ctr Int Child Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Stovner, LJ:
Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Neurosci, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
Sudfeld, C:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Syed, S:
Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan
Tamburlini, G:
IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Tavakkoli, M:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Taylor, JA:
Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Taylor, WJ:
Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Thomson, WM:
Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Thurston, GD:
NYU, New York, NY USA
Tleyjeh, IM:
King Fahad Med City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Tonelli, M:
Univ Alberta, Alberta Kidney Dis Network, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Towbin, JRA:
Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH USA
Truelsen, T:
Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Herlev, Denmark
Tsilimbaris, MK:
Univ Crete, Sch Med, Iraklion, Greece
Ubeda, C:
ANLIS, Inst Nacl Epidemiol, Malbran, Argentina
Undurraga, EA:
Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA
van der Werf, MJ:
KNCV TB Fdn, The Hague, Netherlands
van Os, J:
Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, Maastricht, Netherlands
Venketasubramanian, N:
Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore
Wang, MR:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Wang, WZ:
Capital Med Univ, Beijing Neurosurg Inst, Beijing, Peoples R China
Watt, K:
James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
Weinstock, MA:
Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA
Weintraub, R:
Univ Melbourne, Dept Pediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Royal Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Weisskopf, MG:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Weissman, MM:
Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA
White, RA:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Whiteford, H:
Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Wilkinson, JD:
Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA
Williams, HC:
Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England
Williams, SRM:
Hollywood Orthopaed Grp, Perth, WA, Australia
Wolfe, F:
Arthrit Res, Wichita, KS USA
Woolf, AD:
Royal Cornwall Hosp, Truro, England
Wulf, S:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Yeh, PH:
London Sch Econ, London WC2A 2AE, England
Zaidi, AKM:
Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan
Zheng, ZJ:
Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China
Zonies, D:
Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany
Lopez, AD:
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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