A multidrug-resistant microorganism infection risk prediction model: development and validation in an emergency medicine population


Por: del Castillo, JG, Julian-Jimenez, A, Gamazo-Del Rio, JJ, Garcia-Lamberechts, EJ, Llopis-Roca, F, Tey, JMG, de Zarate, MMO, Bustos, CN, Salmeron, PP, Alvarez-Manzanares, J, Romero, MDO, Grinspan, MR, Gutierrez, SG, Martin-Sanchez, FJ, Gonzalez, FJC, Borrego, BV, Rodrigo, IC, Corrochano, EC, del Campo, KKM, Martinez, LP, Belloso, MEM, Soriano, SMQ, Ramos, AU, Xanco, CG, Martinez, CZ, Munoz, CM, Gonzalez, EF, Aguilar, NG, Rodriguez, VA, Rodriguez, AH, Diaz, JLM, Flores, MM, Cana, CC, Loranca, MM, Pareja, RR, Galan, JL, Beliz, OJS, Ramirez, JMP, Suberviola, AE, Moreno, BG, Rodriguez, JMM, Rodrigo, SA, del Blanco, CF, Ruano, OD, Pena, MP, Canovas, JFV, Gutierrez, CC, Garmendia, JLG, Prieto, ST, Garcia, VP, Moll, MA, Gallego, MA, Arranz, RC, Sanchez, MDC, Bonilla, FD, Luperena, JD, Gomez, AV, Garcia, AG, Martin, LM, Hermida, AM, Moreno, MM, Mocanu, CN, Calvo, CM, Diaz-Guerra, MLP, Leal, CMR, Yebes, NJT, Pizarro, A, Galan, CD, Teleki, AV, Guijorro, NV, Rua, MN, Murillo, EC, Mulet, MA, Ubago, AD, Poveda, CS, Garcia, RC, de Santos, FJV, del Val, SG, Hortoneda, MC, Isidro, IL, Fernandez, BR, Domingo, LC, Torresano, MDD, Torres, AMF, Otero, LL, Ricoy, LC, Molina, IG, Roca, MM, Mateo, SH, Roig, MS, Andion, MB, Sansone, LH, Reus, FS, Motto, EQ, Fajardo, LA, Valencia, MP, Romero, RG, Cerdan, MB, Belvis, JM, Morata, MP, Pineda, MCS, Asensio, CM, Rodriguez, EV, Toldos, CM, Perales, R, Sanchez, AB, Ordenana, IM, Borras, MRC, Bargallo, LN, Vazquez, EAM, Arenas, MF, Maimo, MM, Ruiz, FJR, Aznar, NF, Martinez, SL, Redondo, GB, Carballo, C, Quiros, AM, Paredes, MCL, Gallego-Acho, PIR, Barco, JMP, Alvira, RM, Garcia, FJP, Martin, ACA, Calvo, CM, Izquierdo, RL, Sanchez, MDR, Ramos, JRO, Martin, AP, Pardal, AA, Castrodeza, MNS, Aguirre, RR, Pelaez, JG, Fernandez-Bermejo, MSI, Serrano, CC, Gallar, PM, David, MM, Orantos, MJN, Putze, GEB, Gomez, MAM, Perez, CMG, Sanz, IH, Querejeta, AG, Anza, DV, Martin-Penaranda, T, Aguirre, AA, Betegon, MA, Martinez, CH, Ruiz, MVD, Moreno, AS, Santos, LS, de Sosa, SJ, Lafont, MDO, Montoya, MC, Noriega, ARL, Rodriguez, GF, Molina, IG, Rocamora, JLS, Vicente, LM, Escudero, IM, Morcillo, AC, Dominguez, AB, Ayala, MIA, Espinosa, PG, Mebuy, AM, Latorre, FM, de Valderrama, MHF, Crepo, CG, Francia, BU, Perez-Reverte, FR, Diaz, MRL, Saldumbide, SM, Martinez, LS, Quevedo, JC, Vela, MI, Gilmartin, LMM, Fernandez, RC, Natal, IF, Huerga, SG, Orus, MS, Martinez, FG, Olmeda, DM, Varea, PD, Criado, JG, Garcia, MIG, Galindo, AM, Avellaneda, C, Hernandez, F, Penalver, C, Onate, J, Grima, MLL, Garcia, DC, Edo, IAS, Rodriguez, MF, Entrala, BA, Amez, JMF, Clemens, RP, Olivares, MF, Fernandez, BG, Esteban, MAL, Ortega, AB, Slaoui, HB, Palmerin, JDI, Mota, MS, Inchauspe, FJE, Gorrotxategi, AMI, Gamito, GM, Quesada, SF, Ungerer, OT, Urraca, A, Brezmez, MF, Mendia, IG, Pinto, DD, Ordonez, BM, Garcia, AMC, Navarro, RD, Navarro, S, Fernandez, EC, Macias, A, Jimenez, MTH, Martin, SG, Garcia, AE, Canovas, EM, Marin, SP, Cayuela, GB, Sanchez, AH, Nicolas, JAS, Fernandez, MD, Barroso, IM, Bautista, JG, Hostalet, FO

Publicada: 1 feb 2020 Ahead of Print: 1 nov 2019
Resumen:
The aim was to develop a predictive model of infection by multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO). A national, retrospective cohort study was carried out including all patients attended for an infectious disease in 54 Spanish Emergency Departments (ED), in whom a microbiological isolation was available from a culture obtained during their attention in the ED. A MDRO infection prediction model was created in a derivation cohort using backward logistic regression. Those variables significant at p < 0.05 assigned an integer score proportional to the regression coefficient. The model was then internally validated by k-fold cross-validation and in the validation cohort. A total of 5460 patients were included; 1345 (24.6%) were considered to have a MDRO infection. Twelve independent risk factors were identified in the derivation cohort and were combined into an overall score, the ATM (assessment of threat for MDRO) score. The model achieved an area under the curve-receiver operating curve of 0.76 (CI 95% 0.74-0.78) in the derivation cohort and 0.72 (CI 95% 0.70-0.75) in the validation cohort (p = 0.0584). Patients were then split into 6 risk categories and had the following rates of risk: 7% (0-2 points), 16% (3-5 points), 24% (6-9 points), 33% (10-14 points), 47% (15-21 points), and 71% (> 21 points). Findings were similar in the validation cohort. Several patient-specific factors were independently associated with MDRO infection risk. When integrated into a clinical prediction rule, higher risk scores and risk classes were related to an increased risk for MDRO infection. This clinical prediction rule could be used by providers to identify patients at high risk and help to guide antibiotic strategy decisions, while accounting for clinical judgment.

Filiaciones:
del Castillo, JG:
 Hosp Univ Clin San Carlos, Emergency Dept, Calle Prof Martin Lagos S-N, Madrid 28040, Spain

 Hosp Univ San Carlos, Hlth Res Inst IdISSC, Madrid, Spain

Julian-Jimenez, A:
 Univ Castilla La Mancha, Complejo Hosp Univ Toledo, Emergency Dept, Toledo, Spain

Gamazo-Del Rio, JJ:
 Hosp Univ Galdakao Usansolo, Emergency Dept, Bizkaia, Spain

Garcia-Lamberechts, EJ:
 Hosp Univ Clin San Carlos, Emergency Dept, Calle Prof Martin Lagos S-N, Madrid 28040, Spain

 Hosp Univ San Carlos, Hlth Res Inst IdISSC, Madrid, Spain

Llopis-Roca, F:
 Hosp Univ Bellvitge, Emergency Dept, Barcelona, Spain

Tey, JMG:
 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Emergency Dept, Hosp Univ St Pau, Univ Int Catalunya,Hosp Univ St Pau Univ, Barcelona, Spain

de Zarate, MMO:
 Hosp Univ Basurto, Emergency Dept, Bilbao, Spain

Bustos, CN:
 Hosp Univ Virgen de la Macarena, Emergency Dept, Seville, Spain

Salmeron, PP:
 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Emergency Dept, Murcia, Spain

Alvarez-Manzanares, J:
 Hosp Univ Rio Hortega, Emergency Dept, Valladolid, Spain

Romero, MDO:
 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Emergency Dept, Barcelona, Spain

Grinspan, MR:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Emergency Dept, Madrid, Spain

Gutierrez, SG:
 Hosp Galdakao Usansolo, Res Unit REDISSEC, Bizkaia, Spain

Martin-Sanchez, FJ:
 Hosp Univ Clin San Carlos, Emergency Dept, Calle Prof Martin Lagos S-N, Madrid 28040, Spain

 Hosp Univ San Carlos, Hlth Res Inst IdISSC, Madrid, Spain

Gonzalez, FJC:
 Hosp Univ San Carlos, Hlth Res Inst IdISSC, Madrid, Spain

 Hosp Univ Clin San Carlos, Clin Microbiol Dept, Madrid, Spain

Borrego, BV:
 Hosp Univ Severo Ochoa Leganes, Madrid, Spain

Rodrigo, IC:
 Hosp Univ Severo Ochoa Leganes, Madrid, Spain

Corrochano, EC:
 Hosp Univ Severo Ochoa Leganes, Madrid, Spain

del Campo, KKM:
 Hosp Univ Severo Ochoa Leganes, Madrid, Spain

Martinez, LP:
 Hosp Univ Severo Ochoa Leganes, Madrid, Spain

Belloso, MEM:
 Hosp Univ Severo Ochoa Leganes, Madrid, Spain

Soriano, SMQ:
 Hosp Univ Severo Ochoa Leganes, Madrid, Spain

Ramos, AU:
 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Xanco, CG:
 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Martinez, CZ:
 Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Munoz, CM:
 Hosp Univ Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain

Gonzalez, EF:
 Hosp Univ Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain

Aguilar, NG:
 Hosp Univ Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain

Rodriguez, VA:
 Hosp Univ Getafe, Madrid, Spain

Rodriguez, AH:
 Hosp Univ Getafe, Madrid, Spain

Diaz, JLM:
 Hosp Univ Getafe, Madrid, Spain

Flores, MM:
 Hosp Univ Getafe, Madrid, Spain

Cana, CC:
 Hosp Univ Getafe, Madrid, Spain

Loranca, MM:
 Hosp Univ Getafe, Madrid, Spain

Pareja, RR:
 Hosp Univ Getafe, Madrid, Spain

Galan, JL:
 Hosp Univ Getafe, Madrid, Spain

Beliz, OJS:
 Hosp Univ Fdn Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain

Ramirez, JMP:
 Hosp Univ Fdn Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain

Suberviola, AE:
 Hosp Univ Fdn Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain

Moreno, BG:
 Hosp Univ Fdn Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain

Rodriguez, JMM:
 Hosp Univ Fdn Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain

Rodrigo, SA:
 Hosp Univ Fdn Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain

del Blanco, CF:
 Hosp Univ Fdn Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain

Ruano, OD:
 Hosp Univ Fdn Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain

Pena, MP:
 Hosp Univ Fdn Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain

Canovas, JFV:
 Hosp Univ Fdn Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain

Gutierrez, CC:
 Hosp Univ Fdn Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain

Garmendia, JLG:
 Hosp San Juan de Dios Aljarafe Bormujos, Bormujos, Seville, Spain

Prieto, ST:
 Hosp San Juan de Dios Aljarafe Bormujos, Bormujos, Seville, Spain

Garcia, VP:
 Hosp San Juan de Dios Aljarafe Bormujos, Bormujos, Seville, Spain

Moll, MA:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Gallego, MA:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Arranz, RC:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Sanchez, MDC:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Bonilla, FD:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Luperena, JD:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Gomez, AV:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Garcia, AG:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Martin, LM:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Hermida, AM:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Moreno, MM:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Mocanu, CN:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Calvo, CM:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Diaz-Guerra, MLP:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Leal, CMR:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Yebes, NJT:
 Hosp Univ Henares, Coslada, Spain

Pizarro, A:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Galan, CD:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Teleki, AV:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Guijorro, NV:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Rua, MN:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Murillo, EC:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Mulet, MA:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Ubago, AD:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Poveda, CS:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Garcia, RC:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

de Santos, FJV:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

del Val, SG:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Hortoneda, MC:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Isidro, IL:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Fernandez, BR:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Domingo, LC:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Torresano, MDD:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Torres, AMF:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Otero, LL:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Ricoy, LC:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Molina, IG:
 Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Roca, MM:
 Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

Mateo, SH:
 Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

Roig, MS:
 Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

Andion, MB:
 Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

Sansone, LH:
 Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

Reus, FS:
 Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

Motto, EQ:
 Hosp Univ Arrixaca Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Fajardo, LA:
 Hosp Univ Arrixaca Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Valencia, MP:
 Hosp Univ Arrixaca Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Romero, RG:
 Hosp Univ Arrixaca Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Cerdan, MB:
 Hosp Univ Arrixaca Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Belvis, JM:
 Hosp Univ Arrixaca Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Morata, MP:
 Hosp Univ Arrixaca Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Pineda, MCS:
 Hosp Univ Arrixaca Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Asensio, CM:
 Hosp Univ Arrixaca Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Rodriguez, EV:
 Hosp Univ Arrixaca Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Toldos, CM:
 Hosp Univ Arrixaca Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Perales, R:
 Complejo Hosp Univ Albacete, Albacete, Spain

Sanchez, AB:
 Hosp Univ Basurto, Bilbao, Spain

Ordenana, IM:
 Hosp Univ Basurto, Bilbao, Spain

Borras, MRC:
 Hosp Verge Cinta de Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain

Bargallo, LN:
 Hosp Verge Cinta de Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain

Vazquez, EAM:
 Hosp Verge Cinta de Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain

Arenas, MF:
 Hosp Verge Cinta de Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain

Maimo, MM:
 Hosp Verge Cinta de Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain

Ruiz, FJR:
 Hosp Clin Univ Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

Aznar, NF:
 Hosp Clin Univ Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

Martinez, SL:
 Hosp Clin Univ Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

Redondo, GB:
 Hosp Univ La Paz, Madrid, Spain

Carballo, C:
 Hosp Univ La Paz, Madrid, Spain

Quiros, AM:
 Hosp Univ La Paz, Madrid, Spain

Paredes, MCL:
 Hosp Univ La Paz, Madrid, Spain

Gallego-Acho, PIR:
 Hosp Univ La Paz, Madrid, Spain

Barco, JMP:
 Hosp Univ La Paz, Madrid, Spain

Alvira, RM:
 Hosp Univ La Paz, Madrid, Spain

Garcia, FJP:
 Hosp Univ La Paz, Madrid, Spain

Martin, ACA:
 Hosp Univ La Paz, Madrid, Spain

Calvo, CM:
 Hosp Univ La Paz, Madrid, Spain

Izquierdo, RL:
 Hosp Univ Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain

Sanchez, MDR:
 Hosp Univ Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain

Ramos, JRO:
 Hosp Univ Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain

Martin, AP:
 Hosp Univ Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain

Pardal, AA:
 Hosp Univ Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain

Castrodeza, MNS:
 Hosp Univ Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain

Aguirre, RR:
 Hosp Gen Univ Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain

Pelaez, JG:
 Hosp Gen Univ Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain

Fernandez-Bermejo, MSI:
 Hosp Gen Univ Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain

Serrano, CC:
 Hosp Gen Univ Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain

Gallar, PM:
 Hosp Univ Clin San Carlos, Madrid, Spain

David, MM:
 Hosp Univ Clin San Carlos, Madrid, Spain

Orantos, MJN:
 Hosp Univ Clin San Carlos, Madrid, Spain

Putze, GEB:
 Hosp Univ Canarias Tenerife, San Cristobal La Laguna, Spain

Gomez, MAM:
 Hosp Univ Canarias Tenerife, San Cristobal La Laguna, Spain

Perez, CMG:
 Hosp Univ Canarias Tenerife, San Cristobal La Laguna, Spain

Sanz, IH:
 Hosp Univ Donostia, Donostia San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain

Querejeta, AG:
 Hosp Univ Donostia, Donostia San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain

Anza, DV:
 Hosp Univ Donostia, Donostia San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain

Martin-Penaranda, T:
 Hosp Univ Donostia, Donostia San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain

Aguirre, AA:
 Hosp Mendaro, Mendaro, Gipuzkoa, Spain

Betegon, MA:
 Hosp Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain

Martinez, CH:
 Hosp Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain

Ruiz, MVD:
 Hosp Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain

Moreno, AS:
 Hosp Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain

Santos, LS:
 Complejo Asistencial Univ Burgos, Burgos, Spain

de Sosa, SJ:
 Complejo Asistencial Univ Burgos, Burgos, Spain

Lafont, MDO:
 Complejo Asistencial Univ Burgos, Burgos, Spain

Montoya, MC:
 Hosp Villarrobledo, Villarrobledo, Spain

Noriega, ARL:
 Hosp Villarrobledo, Villarrobledo, Spain

Rodriguez, GF:
 Hosp Villarrobledo, Villarrobledo, Spain

Molina, IG:
 Hosp Villarrobledo, Villarrobledo, Spain

Rocamora, JLS:
 Hosp Villarrobledo, Villarrobledo, Spain

Vicente, LM:
 Hosp Villarrobledo, Villarrobledo, Spain

Escudero, IM:
 Hosp Villarrobledo, Villarrobledo, Spain

Morcillo, AC:
 Hosp Villarrobledo, Villarrobledo, Spain

Dominguez, AB:
 Hosp Medina Campo, Valladolid, Spain

Ayala, MIA:
 Hosp Medina Campo, Valladolid, Spain

Espinosa, PG:
 Hosp Alto Deba, Arrasate Mondragon, Gipuzkoa, Spain

Mebuy, AM:
 Hosp Alto Deba, Arrasate Mondragon, Gipuzkoa, Spain

Latorre, FM:
 Hosp Alto Deba, Arrasate Mondragon, Gipuzkoa, Spain

de Valderrama, MHF:
 Hosp Santiago Apostol Miranda de Ebro, Miranda De Ebro, Burgos, Spain

Crepo, CG:
 Hosp Santiago Apostol Miranda de Ebro, Miranda De Ebro, Burgos, Spain

Francia, BU:
 Hosp Santiago Apostol Miranda de Ebro, Miranda De Ebro, Burgos, Spain

Perez-Reverte, FR:
 Hosp Gen Univ Santa Lucia, Murcia, Spain

Diaz, MRL:
 Hosp Gen Univ Santa Lucia, Murcia, Spain

Saldumbide, SM:
 Hosp Gen Univ Santa Lucia, Murcia, Spain

Martinez, LS:
 Hosp Gen Univ Santa Lucia, Murcia, Spain

Quevedo, JC:
 Hosp Gen Univ Santa Lucia, Murcia, Spain

Vela, MI:
 Complejo Asistencial Univ Leon, Leon, Spain

Gilmartin, LMM:
 Complejo Asistencial Univ Leon, Leon, Spain

Fernandez, RC:
 Complejo Asistencial Univ Leon, Leon, Spain

Natal, IF:
 Complejo Asistencial Univ Leon, Leon, Spain

Huerga, SG:
 Complejo Asistencial Univ Leon, Leon, Spain

Orus, MS:
 Complejo Asistencial Univ Leon, Leon, Spain

Martinez, FG:
 Hosp Virgen de La Luz Cuenca, Cuenca, Spain

Olmeda, DM:
 Hosp Virgen de La Luz Cuenca, Cuenca, Spain

Varea, PD:
 Hosp Virgen de La Luz Cuenca, Cuenca, Spain

Criado, JG:
 Hosp Univ Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

Garcia, MIG:
 Hosp Univ Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

Galindo, AM:
 Hosp Univ Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

Avellaneda, C:
 Complejo Asistencial Segovia, Segovia, Spain

Hernandez, F:
 Complejo Asistencial Segovia, Segovia, Spain

Penalver, C:
 Complejo Asistencial Segovia, Segovia, Spain

Onate, J:
 Hosp Cruces Barakaldo, Baracaldo, Spain

Grima, MLL:
 Hosp Univ Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain

Garcia, DC:
 Hosp Univ Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain

Edo, IAS:
 Hosp Univ Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain

Rodriguez, MF:
 Hosp San Eloy Barakaldo Sestao, Baracaldo, Spain

Entrala, BA:
 Hosp Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain

Amez, JMF:
 Hosp Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain

Clemens, RP:
 Hosp Univ Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain

Olivares, MF:
 Hosp Univ Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain

Fernandez, BG:
 Hosp Univ Vinalopo, Alicante, Spain

Esteban, MAL:
 Hosp Can Misses, Eivissa, Illes Balears, Spain

Ortega, AB:
 Hosp Can Misses, Eivissa, Illes Balears, Spain

Slaoui, HB:
 Hosp Can Misses, Eivissa, Illes Balears, Spain

Palmerin, JDI:
 Hosp Can Misses, Eivissa, Illes Balears, Spain

Mota, MS:
 Hosp Univ Reg Malaga, Malaga, Spain

Inchauspe, FJE:
 Hosp Zumarraga, Zumarraga, Spain

Gorrotxategi, AMI:
 Hosp Zumarraga, Zumarraga, Spain

Gamito, GM:
 Hosp Univ Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain

Quesada, SF:
 Hosp Santa Tecla Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain

Ungerer, OT:
 Hosp Santa Tecla Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain

Urraca, A:
 Complejo Asistencial Zamora, Zamora, Spain

Brezmez, MF:
 Complejo Asistencial Zamora, Zamora, Spain

Mendia, IG:
 Complejo Asistencial Zamora, Zamora, Spain

Pinto, DD:
 Complejo Asistencial Zamora, Zamora, Spain

Ordonez, BM:
 Hosp Virgen de la Victoria Malaga, Malaga, Spain

Garcia, AMC:
 Hosp Virgen de la Victoria Malaga, Malaga, Spain

Navarro, RD:
 Hosp Univ Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain

Navarro, S:
 Hosp Univ La Ribera, Valencia, Spain

Fernandez, EC:
 Hosp Altagracia Manzanares, Manzanares, Cdad Real, Spain

Macias, A:
 Complejo Asistencial Avila, Avila, Spain

Jimenez, MTH:
 Complejo Asistencial Avila, Avila, Spain

Martin, SG:
 Hosp Escorial, Madrid, Spain

Garcia, AE:
 Hosp Jerez, Cadiz, Spain

Canovas, EM:
 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Marin, SP:
 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Cayuela, GB:
 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Sanchez, AH:
 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Nicolas, JAS:
 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Fernandez, MD:
 Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

Barroso, IM:
 Hosp Univ Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain

Bautista, JG:
 Hosp Univ Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain

Hostalet, FO:
 Hosp Univ Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
ISSN: 09349723





EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Editorial
SPRINGER, ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES, Alemania
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 39 Número: 2
Páginas: 309-323
WOS Id: 000496275200001
ID de PubMed: 31720894

MÉTRICAS