Secondhand smoke exposure in outdoor children's playgrounds in 11 European countries
Por:
Henderson, E, Continente, X, Fernandez, E, Tigova, O, Cortes-Francisco, N, Gallus, S, Lugo, A, Semple, S, O'Donnell, R, Clancy, L, Keogan, S, Ruprecht, A, Borgini, A, Tzortzi, A, Vyzikidou, VK, Gorini, G, Lopez-Nicolas, A, Soriano, JB, Geshanova, G, Osman, J, Mons, U, Przewozniak, K, Precioso, J, Brad, R, Lopez, MJ, TackSHS Project Investigators
Publicada:
1 abr 2021
Ahead of Print:
20 nov 2020
Resumen:
Introduction: Tobacco presence in outdoor children's playgrounds is concerning not only because it leads to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, but also cigarette butt pollution and tobacco normalization.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess SHS exposure in children's playgrounds, according to area-level socioeconomic status (SES), smoke-free regulations, national smoking prevalence, and SHS exposure prevalence in playgrounds (2017-2018).
Methods: We monitored vapor-phase nicotine concentration and tobacco-related variables in 20 different playgrounds in 11 European countries (n = 220 measurements) from March 2017 to April 2018. Playgrounds were selected according to area-level SES. Data on the number of people smoking, and cigarette butts inside the playground and on playground surroundings (<1 m away) were recorded. Playground smoking bans, the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) score, national smoking prevalence and SHS exposure prevalence in playgrounds were used to group countries. To determine nicotine presence, we dichotomized concentrations using the limit of quantification as a cut-off point (0.06 mu g/m(3)). Nicotine median concentrations were compared using non parametric tests, and nicotine presence and tobacco-related observational variables using the Chi-squared test.
Results: Airborne nicotine presence was found in 40.6% of the playgrounds. Median nicotine concentration was <0.06 mu g/m(3) (Interquartile range: <0.06-0.125) and higher median concentrations were found in more deprived neighborhoods, non-regulated playgrounds, in countries with lower overall TCS scores, higher national smoking prevalence and higher SHS exposure prevalence in playgrounds. Overall, people were smoking in 19.6% of the playgrounds. More than half of playgrounds had cigarette butts visible inside (56.6%) and in the immediate vicinity (74.4%). Presence of butts inside playgrounds was higher in sites from a low area-level SES, in countries with low TCS scores, and greater smoking prevalence and SHS exposure prevalence (p<0.05).
Conclusions: There is evidence of SHS exposure in children's playgrounds across Europe. These findings confirm the need for smoking bans in playgrounds and better enforcement in those countries with smoking bans in playgrounds.
Filiaciones:
Henderson, E:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Pompeu Fabra, Dept Ciencies Expt & Salut DCEXS, Barcelona, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Madrid, Spain
Continente, X:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Madrid, Spain
St Pau Inst Biomed Res IIb St Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Fernandez, E:
Inst Catala Oncol ICO, Tobacco Control Unit, Barcelona, Spain
Inst Invest Biomed Bellvitge IDIBELL, Tobacco Control Res Grp, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Barcelona, Spain
Consortium Biomed Res Resp Dis CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
Tigova, O:
Inst Catala Oncol ICO, Tobacco Control Unit, Barcelona, Spain
Inst Invest Biomed Bellvitge IDIBELL, Tobacco Control Res Grp, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Barcelona, Spain
Consortium Biomed Res Resp Dis CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
Cortes-Francisco, N:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Gallus, S:
IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy
Lugo, A:
IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy
Semple, S:
Univ Stirling, Inst Social Mkt & Hlth, Stirling, Scotland
O'Donnell, R:
Univ Stirling, Inst Social Mkt & Hlth, Stirling, Scotland
Clancy, L:
TobaccoFree Res Inst Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
Keogan, S:
TobaccoFree Res Inst Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
Ruprecht, A:
Fdn IRCCS, Ist Nazl Tumori, Milan, Italy
Borgini, A:
Fdn IRCCS, Ist Nazl Tumori, Milan, Italy
Tzortzi, A:
George D Behrakis Res Lab Hellen Canc Soc, Athens, Greece
Vyzikidou, VK:
George D Behrakis Res Lab Hellen Canc Soc, Athens, Greece
Gorini, G:
Ist Studio Prevenz & Rete Oncol, Florence, Italy
Lopez-Nicolas, A:
Univ Politecn Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
Soriano, JB:
Consortium Biomed Res Resp Dis CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain
Geshanova, G:
Smoke Free Life Coalit, Sofia, Bulgaria
Osman, J:
Off Francais Sante & Bienetre Travail, OFT Conseil, Paris, France
Mons, U:
German Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
German Canc Res Ctr, WHO Collaborating Ctr Tobacco Control, Heidelberg, Germany
Przewozniak, K:
Maria Sklodowska Curie Inst, Oncol Ctr, Warsaw, Poland
Fdn Smart Hlth Hlth 3D, Warsaw, Poland
Precioso, J:
Univ Minho, Inst Educ, Braga, Portugal
Brad, R:
Hlth Romania Generat 2035 Assoc, Bucharest, Romania
Lopez, MJ:
Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Pompeu Fabra, Dept Ciencies Expt & Salut DCEXS, Barcelona, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Madrid, Spain
St Pau Inst Biomed Res IIb St Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Gold, Green Published
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