GRADE guidelines: 12. Preparing Summary of Findings tables-binary outcomes
Por:
Guyatt, GH, Oxman, AD, Santesso, N, Helfand, M, Vist, G, Kunz, R, Brozek, J, Norris, S, Meerpohl, J, Djulbegovic, B, Alonso-Coello, P, Post, PN, Busse, JW, Glasziou, P, Christensen, R, Schunemann, HJ
Publicada:
1 feb 2013
Resumen:
(SoF) tables present, for each of the seven (or fewer) most important outcomes, the following: the number of studies and number of participants; the confidence in effect estimates (quality of evidence); and the best estimates of relative and absolute effects. Potentially challenging choices in preparing SoF table include using direct evidence (which may have very few events) or indirect evidence (from a surrogate) as the best evidence for a treatment effect. If a surrogate is chosen, it must be labeled as substituting for the corresponding patient-important outcome.
Another such choice is presenting evidence from low-quality randomized trials or high-quality observational studies. When in doubt, a reasonable approach is to present both sets of evidence; if the two bodies of evidence have similar quality but discrepant results, one would rate down further for inconsistency.
For binary outcomes, relative risks (RRs) are the preferred measure of relative effect and, in most instances, are applied to the baseline or control group risks to generate absolute risks. Ideally, the baseline risks come from observational studies including representative patients and identifying easily measured prognostic factors that define groups at differing risk. In the absence of such studies, relevant randomized trials provide estimates of baseline risk.
When confidence intervals (CIs) around the relative effect include no difference, one may simply state in the absolute risk column that results fail to show a difference, omit the point estimate and report only the CIs, or add a comment emphasizing the uncertainty associated with the point estimate. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Filiaciones:
Guyatt, GH:
McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, W Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
McMaster Univ, Dept Med, W Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
Oxman, AD:
Norwegian Knowledge Ctr Hlth Serv, N-0130 Oslo, Norway
Santesso, N:
McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, W Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
McMaster Univ, Dept Med, W Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
Helfand, M:
Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland VA Med Ctr, Oregon Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA
Vist, G:
Norwegian Knowledge Ctr Hlth Serv, N-0130 Oslo, Norway
Kunz, R:
Univ Basel Hosp, Basel Inst Clin Epidemiol, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
Brozek, J:
McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, W Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
McMaster Univ, Dept Med, W Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
Norris, S:
Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Med Informat & Clin Epidemiol, Portland, OR 97239 USA
Meerpohl, J:
Univ Med Ctr Freiburg, Inst Med Biometry & Med Informat, German Cochrane Ctr, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
Univ Med Ctr Freiburg, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Div Pediat Hematol & Oncol, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
Djulbegovic, B:
Univ S Florida, Ctr Evidence Based Med & Hlth Outcomes Res, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
Univ S Florida, Coll Med, H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Hematol, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
Univ S Florida, Coll Med, H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Hlth Outcomes & Behav, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
Alonso-Coello, P:
CIBRESP IIB St Pau, Iberoamer Cochrane Ctr, Barcelona 08041, Spain
Hosp St Pau Creu & St Pau, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBER CIBERESP, Barcelona 08041, Spain
Post, PN:
Dutch Inst Healthcare Improvement CBO, Utrecht, Netherlands
Busse, JW:
McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, W Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
McMaster Univ, Dept Med, W Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
Inst Work & Hlth, Toronto, ON M5G 2E9, Canada
Glasziou, P:
Bond Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Ctr Res Evidence Based Practice, Gold Coast, Qld 4229, Australia
Christensen, R:
Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Parker Inst, Musculoskeletal Stat Unit, Frederiksberg, Denmark
Schunemann, HJ:
McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, W Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
McMaster Univ, Dept Med, W Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
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