Salvinorin-A induces intense dissociative effects, blocking external sensory perception and modulating interoception and sense of body ownership in humans
Por:
Maqueda A.E., Valle M., Addy P.H., Antonijoan R.M., Puntes M., Coimbra J., Ballester M.R., Garrido M., González M., Claramunt J., Barker S., Johnson M.W., Griffiths R.R., Riba J.
Publicada:
1 ene 2015
Resumen:
Background: Salvinorin-A is a terpene with agonist properties at the kappa-opioid receptor, the binding site of endogenous dynorphins. Salvinorin-A is found in Salvia divinorum, a psychoactive plant traditionally used by the Mazatec people of Oaxaca, Mexico, for medicinal and spiritual purposes. Previous studies with the plant and salvinorin-A have reported psychedeliclike changes in perception, but also unusual changes in body awareness and detachment from external reality. Here we comprehensively studied the profiles of subjective effects of increasing doses of salvinorin-A in healthy volunteers, with a special emphasis on interoception. Methods: A placebo and three increasing doses of vaporized salvinorin-A (0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg) were administered to eight healthy volunteers with previous experience in the use of psychedelics. Drug effects were assessed using a battery of questionnaires that included, among others, the Hallucinogen Rating Scale, the Altered States of Consciousness, and a new instrument that evaluates different aspects of body awareness: the Multidimensional Assessment for Interoceptive Awareness. Results: Salvinorin-A led to a disconnection from external reality, induced elaborate visions and auditory phenomena, and modified interoception. The lower doses increased somatic sensations, but the highest dose led to a sense of a complete loss of contact with the body. Conclusions: Salvinorin-A induced intense psychotropic effects characterized by a dose-dependent gating of external audiovisual information and an inverted-U dose-response effect on body awareness. These results suggest a prominent role for the kappa opioid receptor in the regulation of sensory perception, interoception, and the sense of body ownership in humans. © The Author 2015.
Filiaciones:
Maqueda A.E.:
Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret 167, Barcelona, 08025, Spain
Valle M.:
Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, 167, Barcelona, 08025, Spain
Addy P.H.:
Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
Medical Informatics, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
Antonijoan R.M.:
Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
Puntes M.:
Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Coimbra J.:
Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Ballester M.R.:
Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Garrido M.:
Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
González M.:
Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Claramunt J.:
Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Barker S.:
Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
Johnson M.W.:
Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD, United States
Griffiths R.R.:
Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD, United States
Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
Riba J.:
Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret 167, Barcelona, 08025, Spain
Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
All Open Access, Gold
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