Regulatory sites for splicing in human basal ganglia are enriched for disease-relevant information
Por:
Guelfi S., D’Sa K., Botía J.A., Vandrovcova J., Reynolds R.H., Zhang D., Trabzuni D., Collado-Torres L., Thomason A., Quijada Leyton P., Gagliano Taliun S.A., Nalls M.A., Noyce A.J., Nicolas A., Cookson M.R., Bandres-Ciga S., Gibbs J.R., Hernandez D.G., Singleton A.B., Reed X., Leonard H., Blauwendraat C., Faghri F., Bras J., Guerreiro R., Tucci A., Kia D.A., Houlden H., Plun-Favreau H., Mok K.Y., Wood N.W., Lovering R., R’Bibo L., Rizig M., Chelban V., Tan M., Morris H.R., Middlehurst B., Quinn J., Billingsley K., Holmans P., Kinghorn K.J., Lewis P., Escott-Price V., Williams N., Foltynie T., Brice A., Danjou F., Lesage S., Corvol J.-C., Martinez M., Giri A., Schulte C., Brockmann K., Simón-Sánchez J., Heutink P., Gasser T., Rizzu P., Sharma M., Shulman J.M., Robak L., Lubbe S., Mencacci N.E., Finkbeiner S., Lungu C., Scholz S.W., Gan-Or Z., Rouleau G.A., Krohan L., van Hilten J.J., Marinus J., Adarmes-Gómez A.D., Bernal-Bernal I., Bonilla-Toribio M., Buiza-Rueda D., Carrillo F., Carrión-Claro M., Mir P., Gómez-Garre P., Jesús S., Labrador-Espinosa M.A., Macias D., Vargas-González L., Méndez-del-Barrio C., Periñán-Tocino T., Tejera-Parrado C., Diez-Fairen M., Aguilar M., Alvarez I., Boungiorno M.T., Carcel M., Pastor P., Tartari J.P., Alvarez V., González M.M., Blazquez M., Garcia C., Suarez-Sanmartin E., Barrero F.J., Rezola E.M., Yarza J.A.B., Pagola A.G., Arregui A.L.M., Ruiz-Martínez J., Cerdan D., Duarte J., Clarimón J., Dols-Icardo O., Infante J., Marín J., Kulisevsky J., Pagonabarraga J., Gonzalez-Aramburu I., Rodriguez A.S., Sierra M., Duran R., Ruz C., Vives F., Escamilla-Sevilla F., Mínguez A., Cámara A., Compta Y., Ezquerra M., Marti M.J., Fernández M., Muñoz E., Fernández-Santiago R., Tolosa E., Valldeoriola F., García-Ruiz P., Heredia M.J.G., Errazquin F.P., Hoenicka J., Jimenez-Escrig A., Martínez-Castrillo J.C., Lopez-Sendon J.L., Torres I.M., Tabernero C., Vela L., Zimprich A., Pihlstrom L., Koks S., Taba P., Majamaa K., Siitonen A., Okubadejo N.U., Ojo O.O., Forabosco P., Walker R., Small K.S., Smith C., Ramasamy A., Hardy J., Weale M.E., Ryten M.
Publicada:
1 ene 2020
Resumen:
Genome-wide association studies have generated an increasing number of common genetic variants associated with neurological and psychiatric disease risk. An improved understanding of the genetic control of gene expression in human brain is vital considering this is the likely modus operandum for many causal variants. However, human brain sampling complexities limit the explanatory power of brain-related expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and allele-specific expression (ASE) signals. We address this, using paired genomic and transcriptomic data from putamen and substantia nigra from 117 human brains, interrogating regulation at different RNA processing stages and uncovering novel transcripts. We identify disease-relevant regulatory loci, find that splicing eQTLs are enriched for regulatory information of neuron-specific genes, that ASEs provide cell-specific regulatory information with evidence for cellular specificity, and that incomplete annotation of the brain transcriptome limits interpretation of risk loci for neuropsychiatric disease. This resource of regulatory data is accessible through our web server, http://braineacv2.inf.um.es/. © 2020, The Author(s).
Filiaciones:
Guelfi S.:
Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
D’Sa K.:
Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Botía J.A.:
Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
Vandrovcova J.:
Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
Reynolds R.H.:
Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
Zhang D.:
Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
Trabzuni D.:
Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Collado-Torres L.:
Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, United States
Thomason A.:
Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London, United Kingdom
Quijada Leyton P.:
Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London, United Kingdom
Gagliano Taliun S.A.:
Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
Nalls M.A.:
Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, United States
Noyce A.J.:
Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, QMUL, London, United Kingdom
Nicolas A.:
Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Cookson M.R.:
Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Bandres-Ciga S.:
Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Gibbs J.R.:
Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Hernandez D.G.:
Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Singleton A.B.:
Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Reed X.:
Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Leonard H.:
Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Blauwendraat C.:
Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, QMUL, London, United Kingdom
Faghri F.:
Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
Bras J.:
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
Guerreiro R.:
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, London, United Kingdom
Tucci A.:
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, London, United Kingdom
Kia D.A.:
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, London, United Kingdom
Houlden H.:
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, London, United Kingdom
Plun-Favreau H.:
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, London, United Kingdom
Mok K.Y.:
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, London, United Kingdom
Wood N.W.:
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, London, United Kingdom
Lovering R.:
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, London, United Kingdom
R’Bibo L.:
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, London, United Kingdom
Rizig M.:
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, London, United Kingdom
Chelban V.:
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, London, United Kingdom
Tan M.:
Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
Morris H.R.:
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Middlehurst B.:
Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Quinn J.:
Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Billingsley K.:
Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Holmans P.:
Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Kinghorn K.J.:
Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Lewis P.:
University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
Escott-Price V.:
MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Williams N.:
MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Foltynie T.:
UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
Brice A.:
Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR S 1127, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
Danjou F.:
Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR S 1127, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
Lesage S.:
Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR S 1127, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
Corvol J.-C.:
Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR S 1127, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
Martinez M.:
Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR S 1127, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
Giri A.:
Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
Schulte C.:
Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
Brockmann K.:
Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
Simón-Sánchez J.:
Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
Heutink P.:
Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
Gasser T.:
Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
Rizzu P.:
DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
Sharma M.:
Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Shulman J.M.:
Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
Robak L.:
Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
Lubbe S.:
Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
Mencacci N.E.:
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
Finkbeiner S.:
Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease
Lungu C.:
National Institutes of Health Division of Clinical Research, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Scholz S.W.:
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
Gan-Or Z.:
Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
Rouleau G.A.:
Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
Krohan L.:
Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
van Hilten J.J.:
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Marinus J.:
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Adarmes-Gómez A.D.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Bernal-Bernal I.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Bonilla-Toribio M.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Buiza-Rueda D.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Carrillo F.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Carrión-Claro M.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Mir P.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Gómez-Garre P.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Jesús S.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Labrador-Espinosa M.A.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Macias D.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Vargas-González L.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Méndez-del-Barrio C.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Periñán-Tocino T.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Tejera-Parrado C.:
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Diez-Fairen M.:
Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
Aguilar M.:
Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
Alvarez I.:
Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
Boungiorno M.T.:
Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
Carcel M.:
Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
Pastor P.:
Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
Tartari J.P.:
Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
Alvarez V.:
Hospital Universitario Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
González M.M.:
Hospital Universitario Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
Blazquez M.:
Hospital Universitario Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
Garcia C.:
Hospital Universitario Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
Suarez-Sanmartin E.:
Hospital Universitario Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
Barrero F.J.:
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
Rezola E.M.:
Hospital General de Segovia, Segovia, Spain
Yarza J.A.B.:
Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Pagola A.G.:
Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Arregui A.L.M.:
Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Ruiz-Martínez J.:
Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Cerdan D.:
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
Duarte J.:
Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
Clarimón J.:
University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Dols-Icardo O.:
University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Infante J.:
Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
Marín J.:
Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Kulisevsky J.:
Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Pagonabarraga J.:
Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Gonzalez-Aramburu I.:
Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
Rodriguez A.S.:
Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
Sierra M.:
Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
Duran R.:
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
Ruz C.:
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
Vives F.:
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
Escamilla-Sevilla F.:
Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
Mínguez A.:
Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
Cámara A.:
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
Compta Y.:
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
Ezquerra M.:
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
Marti M.J.:
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
Fernández M.:
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
Muñoz E.:
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
Fernández-Santiago R.:
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
Tolosa E.:
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
Valldeoriola F.:
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
García-Ruiz P.:
Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
Heredia M.J.G.:
Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
Errazquin F.P.:
Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
Hoenicka J.:
Hospital General de Segovia, Segovia, Spain
Jimenez-Escrig A.:
Hospital General de Segovia, Segovia, Spain
Martínez-Castrillo J.C.:
Hospital General de Segovia, Segovia, Spain
Lopez-Sendon J.L.:
Hospital General de Segovia, Segovia, Spain
Torres I.M.:
Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
Tabernero C.:
Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
Vela L.:
Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
Zimprich A.:
Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Pihlstrom L.:
Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Koks S.:
Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
Taba P.:
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Majamaa K.:
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
Siitonen A.:
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
Okubadejo N.U.:
University of Lago, Lagos State, Nigeria
Ojo O.O.:
University of Lago, Lagos State, Nigeria
Forabosco P.:
Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Cittadella Universitaria di Cagliari, Monserrato, Sardinia 09042, Italy
Walker R.:
Department of Neuropathology, MRC Sudden Death Brain Bank Project, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Small K.S.:
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
Smith C.:
Department of Neuropathology, MRC Sudden Death Brain Bank Project, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Ramasamy A.:
Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
Hardy J.:
Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
Weale M.E.:
Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Genomics PLC, Oxford, United Kingdom
Ryten M.:
Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
Green Published, gold, Gold, Green
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