Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan
Por:
Wierenga L.M., Doucet G.E., Dima D., Agartz I., Aghajani M., Akudjedu T.N., Albajes-Eizagirre A., Alnæs D., Alpert K.I., Andreassen O.A., Anticevic A., Asherson P., Banaschewski T., Bargallo N., Baumeister S., Baur-Streubel R., Bertolino A., Bonvino A., Boomsma D.I., Borgwardt S., Bourque J., den Braber A., Brandeis D., Breier A., Brodaty H., Brouwer R.M., Buitelaar J.K., Busatto G.F., Calhoun V.D., Canales-Rodríguez E.J., Cannon D.M., Caseras X., Castellanos F.X., Chaim-Avancini T.M., Ching C.R.K., Clark V.P., Conrod P.J., Conzelmann A., Crivello F., Davey C.G., Dickie E.W., Ehrlich S., van't Ent D., Fisher S.E., Fouche J.-P., Franke B., Fuentes-Claramonte P., de Geus E.J.C., Giorgio A.D., Glahn D.C., Gotlib I.H., Grabe H.J., Gruber O., Gruner P., Gur R.E., Gur R.C., Gurholt T.P., de Haan L., Haatveit B., Harrison B.J., Hartman C.A., Hatton S.N., Heslenfeld D.J., van den Heuvel O.A., Hickie I.B., Hoekstra P.J., Hohmann S., Holmes A.J., Hoogman M., Hosten N., Howells F.M., Hulshoff Pol H.E., Huyser C., Jahanshad N., James A.C., Jiang J., Jönsson E.G., Joska J.A., Kalnin A.J., Klein M., Koenders L., Kolskår K.K., Krämer B., Kuntsi J., Lagopoulos J., Lazaro L., Lebedeva I.S., Lee P.H., Lochner C., Machielsen M.W.J., Maingault S., Martin N.G., Martínez-Zalacaín I., Mataix-Cols D., Mazoyer B., McDonald B.C., McDonald C., McIntosh A.M., McMahon K.L., McPhilemy G., van der Meer D., Menchón J.M., Naaijen J., Nyberg L., Oosterlaan J., Paloyelis Y., Pauli P., Pergola G., Pomarol-Clotet E., Portella M.J., Radua J., Reif A., Richard G., Roffman J.L., Rosa P.G.P., Sacchet M.D., Sachdev P.S., Salvador R., Sarró S., Satterthwaite T.D., Saykin A.J., Serpa M.H., Sim K., Simmons A., Smoller J.W., Sommer I.E., Soriano-Mas C., Stein D.J., Strike L.T., Szeszko P.R., Temmingh H.S., Thomopoulos S.I., Tomyshev A.S., Trollor J.N., Uhlmann A., Veer I.M., Veltman D.J., Voineskos A., Völzke H., Walter H., Wang L., Wang Y., Weber B., Wen W., West J.D., Westlye L.T., Whalley H.C., Williams S.C.R., Wittfeld K., Wolf D.H., Wright M.J., Yoncheva Y.N., Zanetti M.V., Ziegler G.C., de Zubicaray G.I., Thompson P.M., Crone E.A., Frangou S., Tamnes C.K.
Publicada:
1 ene 2022
Ahead of Print:
1 oct 2020
Resumen:
For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females). We observed significant patterns of greater male than female between-subject variance for all subcortical volumetric measures, all cortical surface area measures, and 60% of cortical thickness measures. This pattern was stable across the lifespan for 50% of the subcortical structures, 70% of the regional area measures, and nearly all regions for thickness. Our findings that these sex differences are present in childhood implicate early life genetic or gene-environment interaction mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of individual differences within the sexes, that may underpin sex-specific vulnerability to disorders.
Filiaciones:
Wierenga L.M.:
Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands
Doucet G.E.:
Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
Dima D.:
Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
Agartz I.:
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
Aghajani M.:
Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Department of Research & Innovation, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Institute of Education and Child Studies, Forensic Family and Youth Care, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
Akudjedu T.N.:
Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
Institute of Medical Imaging & Visualisation, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
Albajes-Eizagirre A.:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
Alnæs D.:
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Alpert K.I.:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
Andreassen O.A.:
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Anticevic A.:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
Asherson P.:
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
Banaschewski T.:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
Bargallo N.:
Imaging Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
Baumeister S.:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
Baur-Streubel R.:
Department for Clinical Psychology, Würzburg University, Margetshöchheim, Germany
Bertolino A.:
Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
Bonvino A.:
Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
Boomsma D.I.:
Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Borgwardt S.:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Psychiatry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Bourque J.:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
den Braber A.:
Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Brandeis D.:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Neuroscience Centre Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Breier A.:
Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
Brodaty H.:
Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Brouwer R.M.:
Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
Buitelaar J.K.:
Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Busatto G.F.:
Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Calhoun V.D.:
Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
Canales-Rodríguez E.J.:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
Cannon D.M.:
Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
Caseras X.:
MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Castellanos F.X.:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
Chaim-Avancini T.M.:
Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Ching C.R.K.:
Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Clark V.P.:
Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
Conrod P.J.:
CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
Conzelmann A.:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Department of Psychology (Clinical Psychology II), PFH – Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
Crivello F.:
Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
Davey C.G.:
Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
Orygen, Parkville, Vic, Australia
Dickie E.W.:
Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Ehrlich S.:
Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences
van't Ent D.:
Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Fisher S.E.:
Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Fouche J.-P.:
Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Franke B.:
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Fuentes-Claramonte P.:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
de Geus E.J.C.:
Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Giorgio A.D.:
IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
Glahn D.C.:
Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
Olin Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States
Gotlib I.H.:
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Grabe H.J.:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Gruber O.:
Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
Gruner P.:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
Gur R.E.:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Gur R.C.:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Gurholt T.P.:
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
de Haan L.:
Department of Early Psychosis, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Haatveit B.:
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Harrison B.J.:
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
Hartman C.A.:
Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Hatton S.N.:
Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
Heslenfeld D.J.:
Departments of Experimental and Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
van den Heuvel O.A.:
Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Hickie I.B.:
Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Hoekstra P.J.:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Hohmann S.:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
Holmes A.J.:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
Hoogman M.:
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Hosten N.:
Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Howells F.M.:
Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Hulshoff Pol H.E.:
Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
Huyser C.:
De Bascule, Academic center child and adolescent psychiatry, Duivendrecht, Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Jahanshad N.:
Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
James A.C.:
Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
Highfield Unit, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
Jiang J.:
Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Jönsson E.G.:
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
Joska J.A.:
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Kalnin A.J.:
Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
Klein M.:
Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Koenders L.:
Department of Early Psychosis, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Kolskår K.K.:
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
Krämer B.:
Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
Kuntsi J.:
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
Lagopoulos J.:
Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
Lazaro L.:
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institut (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Lebedeva I.S.:
Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
Lee P.H.:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
Lochner C.:
SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Machielsen M.W.J.:
Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Maingault S.:
Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Martin N.G.:
Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Martínez-Zalacaín I.:
Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Mataix-Cols D.:
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
Mazoyer B.:
University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
McDonald B.C.:
Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
McDonald C.:
Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
McIntosh A.M.:
Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
McMahon K.L.:
Herston Imaging Research Facility and School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
McPhilemy G.:
Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
van der Meer D.:
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
Menchón J.M.:
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Naaijen J.:
Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Nyberg L.:
Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Oosterlaan J.:
Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Paloyelis Y.:
Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
Pauli P.:
Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Centre of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Pergola G.:
Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States
Pomarol-Clotet E.:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
Portella M.J.:
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
Department of Psychiatry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Radua J.:
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
Reif A.:
Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfur am Maint, Germany
Richard G.:
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Roffman J.L.:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
Rosa P.G.P.:
Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Sacchet M.D.:
Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States
Sachdev P.S.:
Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
Salvador R.:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
Sarró S.:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
Satterthwaite T.D.:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Saykin A.J.:
Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
Serpa M.H.:
Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Sim K.:
West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Simmons A.:
Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
Smoller J.W.:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
Sommer I.E.:
Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Soriano-Mas C.:
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Stein D.J.:
Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Strike L.T.:
Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Szeszko P.R.:
Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
Temmingh H.S.:
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Thomopoulos S.I.:
Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Tomyshev A.S.:
Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
Trollor J.N.:
Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Uhlmann A.:
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Veer I.M.:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Veltman D.J.:
Department of Psychiatry & Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Voineskos A.:
Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Völzke H.:
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZD (German Center for Diabetes Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Walter H.:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Wang L.:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
Wang Y.:
Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
Weber B.:
Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Wen W.:
Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
West J.D.:
Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
Westlye L.T.:
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Whalley H.C.:
Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Williams S.C.R.:
Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
Wittfeld K.:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Wolf D.H.:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Wright M.J.:
Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Yoncheva Y.N.:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Child Study Center, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY, United States
Zanetti M.V.:
Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
Ziegler G.C.:
Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
de Zubicaray G.I.:
Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Thompson P.M.:
Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Crone E.A.:
Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands
Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies (DPECS), Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands
Frangou S.:
Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Tamnes C.K.:
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Green Published, Green Submitted, Green Accepted, gold, All Open Access, Gold, Green
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