Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan


Por: Wierenga L.M., Doucet G.E., Dima D., Agartz I., Aghajani M., Akudjedu T.N., Albajes-Eizagirre A., Alnæs D., Alpert K.I., Andreassen O.A., Anticevic A., Asherson P., Banaschewski T., Bargallo N., Baumeister S., Baur-Streubel R., Bertolino A., Bonvino A., Boomsma D.I., Borgwardt S., Bourque J., den Braber A., Brandeis D., Breier A., Brodaty H., Brouwer R.M., Buitelaar J.K., Busatto G.F., Calhoun V.D., Canales-Rodríguez E.J., Cannon D.M., Caseras X., Castellanos F.X., Chaim-Avancini T.M., Ching C.R.K., Clark V.P., Conrod P.J., Conzelmann A., Crivello F., Davey C.G., Dickie E.W., Ehrlich S., van't Ent D., Fisher S.E., Fouche J.-P., Franke B., Fuentes-Claramonte P., de Geus E.J.C., Giorgio A.D., Glahn D.C., Gotlib I.H., Grabe H.J., Gruber O., Gruner P., Gur R.E., Gur R.C., Gurholt T.P., de Haan L., Haatveit B., Harrison B.J., Hartman C.A., Hatton S.N., Heslenfeld D.J., van den Heuvel O.A., Hickie I.B., Hoekstra P.J., Hohmann S., Holmes A.J., Hoogman M., Hosten N., Howells F.M., Hulshoff Pol H.E., Huyser C., Jahanshad N., James A.C., Jiang J., Jönsson E.G., Joska J.A., Kalnin A.J., Klein M., Koenders L., Kolskår K.K., Krämer B., Kuntsi J., Lagopoulos J., Lazaro L., Lebedeva I.S., Lee P.H., Lochner C., Machielsen M.W.J., Maingault S., Martin N.G., Martínez-Zalacaín I., Mataix-Cols D., Mazoyer B., McDonald B.C., McDonald C., McIntosh A.M., McMahon K.L., McPhilemy G., van der Meer D., Menchón J.M., Naaijen J., Nyberg L., Oosterlaan J., Paloyelis Y., Pauli P., Pergola G., Pomarol-Clotet E., Portella M.J., Radua J., Reif A., Richard G., Roffman J.L., Rosa P.G.P., Sacchet M.D., Sachdev P.S., Salvador R., Sarró S., Satterthwaite T.D., Saykin A.J., Serpa M.H., Sim K., Simmons A., Smoller J.W., Sommer I.E., Soriano-Mas C., Stein D.J., Strike L.T., Szeszko P.R., Temmingh H.S., Thomopoulos S.I., Tomyshev A.S., Trollor J.N., Uhlmann A., Veer I.M., Veltman D.J., Voineskos A., Völzke H., Walter H., Wang L., Wang Y., Weber B., Wen W., West J.D., Westlye L.T., Whalley H.C., Williams S.C.R., Wittfeld K., Wolf D.H., Wright M.J., Yoncheva Y.N., Zanetti M.V., Ziegler G.C., de Zubicaray G.I., Thompson P.M., Crone E.A., Frangou S., Tamnes C.K.

Publicada: 1 ene 2022 Ahead of Print: 1 oct 2020
Resumen:
For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females). We observed significant patterns of greater male than female between-subject variance for all subcortical volumetric measures, all cortical surface area measures, and 60% of cortical thickness measures. This pattern was stable across the lifespan for 50% of the subcortical structures, 70% of the regional area measures, and nearly all regions for thickness. Our findings that these sex differences are present in childhood implicate early life genetic or gene-environment interaction mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of individual differences within the sexes, that may underpin sex-specific vulnerability to disorders.

Filiaciones:
Wierenga L.M.:
 Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands

 Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands

Doucet G.E.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

 Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States

Dima D.:
 Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom

 Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Agartz I.:
 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

 Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway

 Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden

Aghajani M.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands

 Department of Research & Innovation, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands

 Institute of Education and Child Studies, Forensic Family and Youth Care, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands

Akudjedu T.N.:
 Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland

 Institute of Medical Imaging & Visualisation, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom

Albajes-Eizagirre A.:
 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain

 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

Alnæs D.:
 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Alpert K.I.:
 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States

Andreassen O.A.:
 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Anticevic A.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States

Asherson P.:
 Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Banaschewski T.:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

Bargallo N.:
 Imaging Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain

 Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain

Baumeister S.:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

Baur-Streubel R.:
 Department for Clinical Psychology, Würzburg University, Margetshöchheim, Germany

Bertolino A.:
 Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

Bonvino A.:
 Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

Boomsma D.I.:
 Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Borgwardt S.:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

 Department of Psychiatry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

Bourque J.:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

 CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada

den Braber A.:
 Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

 Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Brandeis D.:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

 Neuroscience Centre Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Breier A.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States

Brodaty H.:
 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

 Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Brouwer R.M.:
 Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands

Buitelaar J.K.:
 Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands

 Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands

Busatto G.F.:
 Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Calhoun V.D.:
 Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States

Canales-Rodríguez E.J.:
 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain

Cannon D.M.:
 Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland

Caseras X.:
 MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Castellanos F.X.:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States

 Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States

Chaim-Avancini T.M.:
 Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Ching C.R.K.:
 Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Clark V.P.:
 Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States

 Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States

Conrod P.J.:
 CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada

 Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada

Conzelmann A.:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

 Department of Psychology (Clinical Psychology II), PFH – Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany

Crivello F.:
 Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France

Davey C.G.:
 Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

 Orygen, Parkville, Vic, Australia

Dickie E.W.:
 Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Ehrlich S.:
 Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences

van't Ent D.:
 Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Fisher S.E.:
 Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands

 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands

Fouche J.-P.:
 Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

 Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

Franke B.:
 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands

 Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands

 Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands

Fuentes-Claramonte P.:
 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain

de Geus E.J.C.:
 Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Giorgio A.D.:
 IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy

Glahn D.C.:
 Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

 Olin Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States

Gotlib I.H.:
 Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

Grabe H.J.:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

 German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Gruber O.:
 Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

Gruner P.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States

Gur R.E.:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

 Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States

Gur R.C.:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

Gurholt T.P.:
 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

de Haan L.:
 Department of Early Psychosis, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Haatveit B.:
 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Harrison B.J.:
 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia

Hartman C.A.:
 Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

Hatton S.N.:
 Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

 Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States

Heslenfeld D.J.:
 Departments of Experimental and Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

van den Heuvel O.A.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands

 Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Hickie I.B.:
 Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Hoekstra P.J.:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

Hohmann S.:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

Holmes A.J.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States

 Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States

 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

Hoogman M.:
 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands

 Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands

Hosten N.:
 Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Howells F.M.:
 Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

 Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

Hulshoff Pol H.E.:
 Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands

Huyser C.:
 De Bascule, Academic center child and adolescent psychiatry, Duivendrecht, Netherlands

 Amsterdam UMC Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Jahanshad N.:
 Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

James A.C.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

 Highfield Unit, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Jiang J.:
 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Jönsson E.G.:
 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

 Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden

Joska J.A.:
 Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

Kalnin A.J.:
 Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States

Klein M.:
 Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands

 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands

 Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands

Koenders L.:
 Department of Early Psychosis, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Kolskår K.K.:
 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

 Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

 Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway

Krämer B.:
 Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

Kuntsi J.:
 Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Lagopoulos J.:
 Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, Birtinya, QLD, Australia

 University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia

Lazaro L.:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain

 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain

 August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institut (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Lebedeva I.S.:
 Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation

Lee P.H.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

 Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

Lochner C.:
 SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

Machielsen M.W.J.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Maingault S.:
 Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

Martin N.G.:
 Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Martínez-Zalacaín I.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Mataix-Cols D.:
 Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden

Mazoyer B.:
 University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

 Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France

McDonald B.C.:
 Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States

McDonald C.:
 Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland

McIntosh A.M.:
 Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

McMahon K.L.:
 Herston Imaging Research Facility and School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia

 Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia

McPhilemy G.:
 Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland

van der Meer D.:
 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

 School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands

Menchón J.M.:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain

 Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Naaijen J.:
 Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands

Nyberg L.:
 Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

 Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Oosterlaan J.:
 Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands

 Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Paloyelis Y.:
 Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Pauli P.:
 Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

 Centre of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

Pergola G.:
 Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

 Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States

Pomarol-Clotet E.:
 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain

Portella M.J.:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain

 Department of Psychiatry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

Radua J.:
 Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden

 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain

 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Reif A.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfur am Maint, Germany

Richard G.:
 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Roffman J.L.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States

Rosa P.G.P.:
 Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Sacchet M.D.:
 Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States

Sachdev P.S.:
 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

 Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia

Salvador R.:
 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain

Sarró S.:
 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain

Satterthwaite T.D.:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

Saykin A.J.:
 Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States

 Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States

Serpa M.H.:
 Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Sim K.:
 West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore

 Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Simmons A.:
 Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Smoller J.W.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

 Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

Sommer I.E.:
 Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

Soriano-Mas C.:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain

 Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Stein D.J.:
 Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

 SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

Strike L.T.:
 Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Szeszko P.R.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, United States

Temmingh H.S.:
 Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

Thomopoulos S.I.:
 Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Tomyshev A.S.:
 Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation

Trollor J.N.:
 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Uhlmann A.:
 Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Veer I.M.:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

Veltman D.J.:
 Department of Psychiatry & Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Voineskos A.:
 Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Völzke H.:
 Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

 DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

 DZD (German Center for Diabetes Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Walter H.:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

Wang L.:
 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States

Wang Y.:
 Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States

Weber B.:
 Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Wen W.:
 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

West J.D.:
 Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States

Westlye L.T.:
 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

 Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Whalley H.C.:
 Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Williams S.C.R.:
 Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Wittfeld K.:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

 German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Wolf D.H.:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

Wright M.J.:
 Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

 Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Yoncheva Y.N.:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Child Study Center, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY, United States

Zanetti M.V.:
 Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

 Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil

Ziegler G.C.:
 Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

de Zubicaray G.I.:
 Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Thompson P.M.:
 Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Crone E.A.:
 Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands

 Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands

 Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies (DPECS), Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands

Frangou S.:
 Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

 Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Tamnes C.K.:
 Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

 Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway

 Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

 PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
ISSN: 10659471





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Editorial
WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA, Estados Unidos America
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 43 Número: 1
Páginas: 470-499
WOS Id: 000579070300001
ID de PubMed: 33044802
imagen Green Published, Green Submitted, Green Accepted, gold, All Open Access, Gold, Green

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